GNU's Bulletin

January 1997, GNU's Bulletin (Text Version)

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GNU's Bulletin January, 1997

The GNU's Bulletin is the semi-annual newsletter of the

Free Software Foundation, bringing you

news about the GNU Project.

Free Software Foundation, Inc. Telephone: +1-617-542-5942
59 Temple Place - Suite 330 Fax: (including Japan) +1-617-542-2652
Boston, MA 02111-1307 Electronic Mail: `gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu'
USA World Wide Web: http://www.gnu.ai.mit.edu

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Table of Contents
-----------------

GNU's Who
Administrivia and Copyright
Other GPL'ed Software
What Is the FSF?
What Is Copyleft?
What Is a GNU/Linux system?
Second Free Software Conference
Become a Patron of the FSF
Free Software Redistributors Donate
Help from Free Software Companies
Toyota's Donation
University or Software Company?
Bad News and Good News about Pine
What Is the LPF?
What Is the Hurd?
GNUs Flashes
Astronomical Analysis Systems Freed
Free Music Philosophy
Help the GNU Translation Project
GNU & Other Free Software in Japan
Forthcoming GNUs
Free Software Support
GNU Software
Configuring GNU Software
GNU Software Now Available
Program/Package Cross Reference
The Deluxe Distribution
CD-ROMs
Pricing of the GNU CD-ROMs
What Do the Different Prices Mean?
Why Is There an Individual Price?
Is There a Maximum Price?
January 1997 Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM
Source Code CD-ROMs
January 1997 Source Code CD-ROMs
July 1996 Source Code CD-ROMs
CD-ROM Subscription Service
GNU Documentation
How to Get GNU Software
FSF T-shirt
Free Software for Microcomputers
Project GNU Wish List
Thank GNUs
Donations Translate Into Free Software
Cygnus Matches Donations!
Free Software Foundation Order Form
Address Page

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GNU's Who
*********

Thomas Bushnell, n/BSG (whose name used to be Michael) and Miles Bader work
on the Hurd. Karl Heuer enhances Emacs and with Ian Murdock is in charge of
making Deluxe Distributions. Jim Blandy is working on GUILE, GNU's
Ubiquitous Intelligent Language for Extension, and Teak, a desktop interface.

Melissa Weisshaus is working on special documentation projects.

Peter H. Salus is our Vice President in charge of fund raising, publishing,
and managing the non-technical side of the FSF. He is also running the *Note
Second Conference on Freely Redistributable Software::. Prof. Masayuki Ida
is our Vice President for Japan. He is organizing Japanese seminars, working
with GNU's friends in Japan, etc. Tami Friedman RN, BSN is our GNUrse. She
also attends to most of the administrative work in the office. Brian Youmans
is our Distribution Manager and handles online inquiries. Robert J. Chassell
is our Secretary/Treasurer. Daniel Hagerty and Carol Botteron have left the
FSF, but continue to volunteer for GNU. We thank them for their hard work.

Thanks to volunteer Scott Ewing for helping to coordinate all the volunteers
in the GNU Project. Thanks to volunteers Joel Ray Holveck and Paul van Gool
who coordinate our volunteer system administrators: Derek Davies, Nicolai
Guba, Paul Guglielmino, Craig Hagan, Martin Hamilton, Kevin Harris, Kirk
Vogelsang, Stephen Smoogen, and Marc Schaefer, who we also thank. Richard
Stallman continues as a volunteer who does countless tasks, such as Emacs
maintenance. Volunteers Phil Nelson and Len Tower work on our Web site. Len
also remains our online JOAT (jack-of-all-trades), for mailing lists,
gnUSENET newsgroups, information requests, etc.

Administrivia and Copyright
***************************

Written & Edited by: Jonathan P. Tuttle, Robert J. Chassell, & Len Tower Jr.
Illustrations by: Etienne Suvasa
Japanese Edition by: Mieko Hikichi and Nobuyuki Hikichi
ISSN (International Standard Serial Number): 1075-7813

The GNU's Bulletin is published at the end of January and the end of July
each year. Please note that there is no postal mailing list. To get a copy,
send your name and address with your request to the address on the top menu.
Enclosing $1.00 in U.S. Postage and/or a donation of a few dollars is
appreciated but not required. If you're outside the USA, sending a mailing
label and enough International Reply Coupons for a package of about 100 grams
is appreciated but not required. (Including a few extra International Reply
Coupons for copying costs is also appreciated.)

Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies of this
document, in any medium, provided that the copyright notice and permission
notice are preserved, and that the distributor grants the recipient
permission for further redistribution as permitted by this notice.

Other GPL'ed Software
*********************

We maintain a list of copylefted software that we do not presently
distribute. FTP the file `/pub/gnu/GPLedSoftware' from a GNU FTP host
(listed in *Note How to Get GNU Software::). Please let us know of
additional programs we should mention. We don't list Emacs Lisp Libraries;
host `archive.cis.ohio-state.edu' has a list of those you can FTP in the file
`/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/LCD-datafile.Z'.

What Is the FSF?
****************

The Free Software Foundation is dedicated to eliminating restrictions on
people's right to use, copy, modify, and redistribute computer programs. We
do this by promoting the development and use of free software. Specifically,
we are putting together a complete, integrated software system named "GNU"
("GNU's Not Unix", pronounced "guh-noo") that will be upwardly compatible
with Unix. Most parts of this system are already being used and distributed.

The word "free" in our name refers to freedom, not price. You may or may not
pay money to get GNU software, but either way you have three specific
freedoms once you get it: first, the freedom to copy a program, and
distribute it to your friends and co-workers; second, the freedom to change a
program as you wish, by having full access to source code; third, the freedom
to distribute a modified version and thus help build the community. Free
software means you can study the source and learn how such programs are
written; it means you can port it or improve it, and then share your work
with others.

If you redistribute GNU software, you may charge a distribution fee or you
may give it away, so long as you include the source code and the GNU General
Public License; see *Note What Is Copyleft::, for details.

Other organizations distribute whatever free software happens to be
available. By contrast, the Free Software Foundation concentrates on the
development of new free software, working towards a GNU system complete
enough to eliminate the need to use a proprietary system.

Besides developing GNU, the FSF distributes GNU software and manuals for a
distribution fee, and accepts gifts (tax-deductible in the U.S.) to support
GNU development. Most of the FSF's funds come from its distribution service.

The Board of the Foundation is: Richard M. Stallman, President;
Robert J. Chassell, Secretary/Treasurer; Gerald J. Sussman, Harold Abelson,
and Leonard H. Tower Jr., Directors.

What Is Copyleft?
*****************

The simplest way to make a program free is to put it in the public domain,
uncopyrighted. But this permits proprietary modified versions, which deny
others the freedom to redistribute and modify; such versions undermine the
goal of giving freedom to *all* users. To prevent this, "copyleft" uses
copyrights in a novel manner. Typically, copyrights take away freedoms;
copyleft preserves them. It is a legal instrument that requires those who
pass on a program to include the rights to use, modify, and redistribute the
code; the code and the freedoms become legally inseparable.

The copyleft used by the GNU Project is made from the combination of a
regular copyright notice and the "GNU General Public License" (GPL). The GPL
is a copying license which basically says that you have the aforementioned
freedoms. An alternate form, the "GNU Library General Public License"
(LGPL), applies to a few (but not most) GNU libraries. This license permits
linking the libraries into proprietary executables under certain conditions.
The appropriate license is included in each GNU source code distribution and
in many manuals. Printed copies are available upon request.

We strongly encourage you to copyleft your programs and documentation, and we
have made it as simple as possible for you to do so. The details on how to
apply either form of GNU Public License appear at the end of each license.

What Is a GNU/Linux system?
***************************

by Richard M. Stallman

A GNU/Linux system is a system which is a combination of Linux and GNU.

Linux is a kernel, compatible with the Unix kernel, written by Linus Torvalds.
There are several different distributions available via FTP and CD-ROM. None
are distributed by the FSF at this time.

GNU is a Unix-like operating system. We started the GNU Project in 1984 with
the aim of bringing such a system into existence. A Unix-like operating
system consists of many components; we had to obtain each of the important
components somehow. The job was so large that many of the people who
sympathized with the goal were discouraged from attempting it, but we decided
we would reach the goal no matter how long it took.

We found some components already available as free software--for example, the
X Window System & TeX. Naturally we decided to use them, since the job was
big enough even with short cuts. We got other components by helping to
convince their developers to free them--for example, the Berkeley network
utilities.

The rest of components, we had to write. These include Emacs, the GNU C &
C++ compilers & libraries, Bash, Ghostscript, Groff, & many others.

All of these various components--those we wrote, those we helped make free,
and those we found already available--together make up the GNU system.

Until recently, users couldn't run *the* GNU system, because one part (the
kernel; *note What Is the Hurd::.) was not yet ready. (We made the first
test release a half year ago.) However, for a couple of years now, it has
been possible to put together the Linux kernel and the almost-complete GNU
system, resulting in a complete Unix-like free operating system suitable for
actual use.

While commonly referred to as "Linux systems", we prefer the term
"Linux-based GNU systems," or "GNU/Linux systems" for short, since these
systems are mostly the same as *the* GNU system. This gives Linus credit for
the kernel that he wrote, while still indicating that these systems *as a
whole* are essentially variants of the GNU system.

We also occasionally use the term "GNU/Hurd system" to emphasize that we mean
a version of the GNU system which uses the Hurd rather than Linux.

We think it is proper to give the GNU Project credit for making the free
Unix-like system that it set out for a decade ago. But there is a more
important reason for friends of GNU to use names like "Linux-based GNU
system" instead of "Linux system." This is to help spread the GNU Project's
philosophical idea: that there is ethical importance in freeing users to
share software and cooperate in improving it; that free software belongs to a
community, and people who benefit from the community should feel a moral
obligation to help build the community when they have a chance.

When users install a system which they call "Linux," they can easily miss
ever seeing the GNU idea. When businesses promote a system and call it
"Linux," they can easily avoid bringing the GNU idea to users' attention.
And if the GNU idea is not widely known, fewer people will write free
software.

A conference was recently announced on the topic of developing "Linux
applications"; although the conference is about using the GNU system, the
conference announcement did not mention GNU.

The announcement does not even hint that there is any ethical reason to
contribute to free software. On the contrary, it offers a panel entitled,
"Licenses and licensing--I don't want to give away my application!!!" (The
three `!' marks appear in the announcement). Even the title encourages
people writing new software (which could enhance all free operating systems)
to make it proprietary instead, thus contributing nothing to the free
software community.

It would be harder to express that attitude if everyone knew that the topic
is a variant of the GNU system. It is up to you and us to make sure they
know. To do that, we have to inform people using variant GNU systems that
that is what they are doing.

So please use "Linux-based GNU system" or "GNU/Linux" when you talk about a
system which is a combination of Linux & GNU. At first, it may feel strange
to go against the flow, but think how much more "against the flow" it was to
start writing a free operating system. We did it, and you can do it.

Second Free Software Conference
*******************************

Following the success of the First Conference on Freely Redistributable
Software, the FSF, with the active cooperation of Cygnus Solutions, will host
a Second Conference at the San Francisco Hilton and Towers on the 19-21
February 1997. The Keynote Speaker will be famed SF author and visionary
Vernor Vinge. Papers on free software will be presented.

The tutorials will be: Jim Blandy (GUILE), Jeffrey Hsu (Introduction to Java),
Russell Nelson (qmail), Arnold Robbins (gawk), Don Rosenberg (Commercial
Channels), Rob Savoye (DejaGNU), and Richard M. Stallman (Advanced Emacs).

The Program Committee is: Michael Tiemann (Chair), Brian Behlendorf, Robert
J. Chassell, Rich Morin, Peter H. Salus, and Ian Lance Taylor.

Join us in San Francisco in February!! for the conference that uniquely
brings together implementors, publishers, support organizations, and users of
freely redistributable software!! For more information, see URL on the World
Wide Web `http://www.cygnus.com/conference/fsc-1997.html',

A few copies of the 1996 Proceedings are still available from the FSF while
supplies last (see the FSF Order Form, in the centerfold).

Become a Patron of the FSF
**************************

The Free Software Foundation wants to acknowledge its supporters and
contributors in a more visible fashion. You can now become an "official"
supporter of the FSF.

* $100 makes you a Supporter of the FSF; you get a listing of your name in
GNU's Bulletin for a year.

* $500 makes you a Contributor; you get a mention, a Certificate and a
"Thank GNUs."

* $1000 makes you a Sustaining Contributor; you get a mention, a
Certificate, and a gift.

* $5000 makes you a Patron; you get all the "benefits" of a Sustaining
Contributor plus a special gift.

The Free Software Foundation is a 501(c)(3) organization; all contributions
are tax deductible in the US.

Free Software Redistributors Donate
***********************************

In adddition to their conference donation, Red Hat Software has agreed to
donate $1.00 to the FSF for every copy of Red Hat Archives sold. They have
also added a GNU logo to the back of that CD with the words "Supports the
Free Software Foundation".

The SNOW 2.1 CD producers added the words "Includes $5 donation to the FSF"
to the front of their CD. Potential buyers will know just how much of the
price is for the FSF & how much is for the redistributor.

The Sun Users Group Deutschland has made it even clearer: their CD says,
"Price 90 DM, + 12 DM donation to the FSF." We thank them for their
contribution to our efforts.

Kyoto Micro Computer of Japan regularly gives us 10% of their GNU-related
sales.

Mr. Hiroshi, Mr. Kojima, and the other authors of the `Linux Primer' in Japan
have donated money from the sales of their book.

Infomagic has continued to make sizeable donations to the FSF.

At the request of author Arnold Robbins, Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc.
continues to donate 3% of their profits from selling `Effective AWK
Programming'. We would also like to acknowledge the many SSC authors who
have donated their royalties and fees to the FSF.

In the long run, the success of free software depends on how much new free
software people develop. Free software distribution offers an opportunity to
raise funds for such development in an ethical way. These redistributors
have made use of the opportunity. Many others let it go to waste.

You can help promote free software development by convincing for-a-fee
redistributors to contribute--either by doing development themselves or by
donating to development organizations (the FSF and others).

The way to convince distributors to contribute is to demand and expect this
of them. This means choosing among distributors partly by how much they give
to free software development. Then you can show distributors they must
compete to be the one who gives the most.

To make this work, you must insist on numbers that you can compare, such as,
"We will give ten dollars to the Foobar project for each disk sold." A vague
commitment, such as "A portion of the profits is donated," doesn't give you a
basis for comparison. Even a precise fraction "of the profits from this
disk" is not very meaningful, since creative accounting and unrelated
business decisions can greatly alter what fraction of the sales price counts
as profit.

Also, press developers for firm information about what kind of development
they do or support. Some kinds make much more long-term difference than
others. For example, maintaining a separate version of a GNU program
contributes very little; maintaining a program on behalf of the GNU Project
contributes much. Easy new ports contribute little, since someone else
would surely do them; difficult ports such as adding a new CPU to the GNU
compiler or Mach contribute more; major new features & programs contribute
the most.

By establishing the idea that supporting further development is "the proper
thing to do" when distributing free software for a fee, we can assure a
steady flow of resources for making more free software.

Help from Free Software Companies
*********************************

When choosing a free software business, ask those you are considering how
much they do to assist free software development, e.g., by contributing money
to free software development or by writing free software improvements
themselves for general use. By basing your decision partially on this
factor, you can help encourage those who profit from free software to
contribute to its growth.

Wingnut (SRA's special GNU support group) regularly donates a part of its
income to the FSF to support the development of new GNU programs. Listing
them here is our way of thanking them. Wingnut has made a pledge to donate
10% of their income to the FSF, and has purchased several Deluxe Distribution
packages in Japan. Also see *Note Cygnus Matches Donations!::.

Wingnut Project
Software Research Associates, Inc.
1-1-1 Hirakawa-cho, Chiyoda-ku
Tokyo 102, Japan

Phone: (+81-3)3234-2611
Fax: (+81-3)3942-5174
E-mail: `info-wingnut@sra.co.jp'
WWW: `http://www.sra.co.jp/public/sra/product/wingnut/'

Toyota's Donation
*****************

The VSC Research and Development group of Toyota Motor Corporation sent us a
note saying that the FSF's "high quality software makes our work easier, and
we value it greatly.... Recently we have received some prizes and monetary
awards for our work. We believe we would not have received these without
your software." They are donating half of the award to the FSF & hope that
publication in the bulletin may encourage further donations from others.

University or Software Company?
*******************************

In academe, we like to think that a university has a mission--advancing and
disseminating knowledge. For today's university administrators, though,
perpetuation of the university has become an end in itself, never mind how or
why. In their blind determination to "keep the university afloat," they
forget why it was launched.

If you work for a university, or study at one, don't assume it is immune to
this problem. When you write a program, don't let the university
administration decide whether to share it or not. Instead, insist on a
detailed written statement saying that you can share your work with the
public, and *don't wait to finish your program before you get the statement
signed*!

If you need help, contact the Free Software Foundation; we will be glad to
help you overcome this obstacle to make your software free. Address the
issue early--the sooner you deal with the problem, the more likely you can
solve it.

Bad News and Good News about Pine
*********************************

Pine is a simple electronic mail reader for beginning users, which we have
included on our Source CDs since 1995.

In March of 1996, the Pine developers released a new version with new usage
restrictions. The new terms do not permit everyone to redistribute, and do
not in general permit distribution of modified versions. Either restriction
would be enough to prevent Pine from being free software. This and
subsequent versions are off-limits for the free software community.

The previous versions of Pine remain free. However, no substantial program
is bug-free, and every program needs to be maintained. So in April 1996, the
FSF recruited a team of volunteers to carry on development of a free mail
reader based on the last available free release of Pine (3.91). (To avoid
trademark issues, our version will likely be released under a different name.)

Forking a program is unfortunate; people should try their best to work
together before giving up and working separately. So before embarking on
separate development, we tried our best to persuade the old developers to
make their work free software once again. In the end, though, they rejected
our plea.

The good news is that the team of volunteers has done substantial work, and
we hope for a release soon.

What Is the LPF?
****************

The League for Programming Freedom (LPF) aims to protect the freedom to write
software. This freedom is threatened by "look-and-feel" interface copyright
lawsuits and by software patents.

The League is a grass-roots organization of professors, students, business
people, programmers, users, & even software companies dedicated to bringing
back the freedom to write programs. The League isn't opposed to the legal
system that Congress intended--copyright on individual programs. The League
aims to reverse recent changes made by judges in response to special
interests.

Membership dues in the League are $42 per year for programmers, managers, and
professionals; $10.50 for students; $21 for others.

To join, please send a check and the following information:

* Your name and phone numbers (home, work, or both).

* The address to use for League mailings, a few each year (please indicate
whether it is your home address or your work address).

* The company you work for, and your position.

* Your email address, so the League can contact you for political action.
(If you don't want to be contacted for this, please say so, but please
provide your email address anyway.)

* Please mention anything about you which would enable your
endorsement of the League to impress the public.

* Please say whether you would like to help with League activities.

*The League is not connected with the Free Software Foundation, and is not
concerned with the issue of free software.* The FSF supports the League
because, like any software developer smaller than Microsoft, it is endangered
by software patents and interface copyrights. You are in danger, too! It
would be easy to ignore the problem until you or your employer is sued, but
it is more prudent to organize before that happens.

If you haven't made up your mind yet, write for more information:

League for Programming Freedom
One Kendall Square - #143
P.O. Box 9171
Cambridge, MA 02139
USA

Electronic-Mail: `lpf@uunet.uu.net'
World Wide Web: `http://www.lpf.org/'
FTP: `ftp.uu.net:/doc/lpf'

What Is the Hurd?
*****************

The Hurd is a collection of server processes that run on top of Mach, a free
message-passing microkernel developed at CMU. The Hurd and Mach together
form the kernel of the GNU/Hurd operating system. The GNU C Library
implements the Unix "system call" interface by sending messages to Hurd
servers as appropriate.

The Hurd allows users to create and share useful projects without knowing
much about the internal workings of the system--projects that might never
have been attempted without freely available source, a well-designed
interface, and a multiple server design. The Hurd is thus like other
expandable GNU software, e.g. Emacs and GUILE.

Currently, there are free ports of the Mach kernel to the 386 PC, the DEC
PMAX workstation, and several other machines, with more in progress,
including the Amiga, PA-RISC HP 700, & DEC Alpha-3000. Contact us if you
want to help with one of these or start your own. Porting the GNU Hurd & GNU
C Library is easy (easier than porting GNU Emacs, certainly easier than
porting the compiler) once a Mach port to a particular platform exists.
Right now we are using the University of Utah's Mach distribution (see
`http://www.cs.utah.edu/projects/flux/') which we hope will be unified with
the distribution produced by the Open Software Foundation.

We have made several test releases of the Hurd. *Note GNUs Flashes::, for
recent progress.

We need help with significant Hurd-related projects. Experienced system
programmers who are interested should send mail to `gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu'.
Porting the Mach kernel or the GNU C Library to new systems is another way to
help.

You can obtain test releases of the Hurd from a GNU FTP host (listed in *Note
How to Get GNU Software::) along with complete binaries for an i386 GNU
system. We will not be distributing these on CD-ROM until they are more
stable.

GNUs Flashes
************

* Hurd Progress (Also *note What Is the Hurd::.)

We have made two test releases of the Hurd, and we will make another
(version 0.2) in this month. Stability is improving, and we have begun
modifying various user-level utilities to understand new Hurd filesystem
features (fileutils, shellutils, tar, etc.).

One way for people to help out is to compile and run as much third-party
free software as they can; in this way we can find bugs and deficiencies
with some rapidity. Volunteers with a PC are therefore eagerly sought
to get the new 0.2 release and compile their favorite Unix programs and
games.

* GNU System Progress

Version 0.2 of the GNU system will be released in this month, to coincide
with the 0.2 release of the Hurd. This complete GNU system is available
by FTP. We are working with Ian Murdock to develop an excellent package
management system for GNU. This will make administering and upgrading
the system much easier. Because of features only the Hurd has, the GNU
package management system will be simpler and more featureful than
similar package systems for various GNU/Linux distributions.

* New Source Code CD! (See *Note January 1997 Source Code CD-ROMs::)

We are releasing the January 1997 (Edition 9) Source Code CD-ROM this
month. Once again, it is a two disk set. It includes several new
programs: `gforth', `gpc', , `stow', `units', VRweb, `wget',
`windows32api', and `xinfo'. On the CD-ROMs are full distributions of
X11R6.3, MIT Scheme, Emacs, GCC, and current versions of all other GNU
Software. *Note GNU Software::, for more about these packages.

* New Compiler Tools CD-ROM

We are releasing the January 1997 (Edition 4) Compiler Tools Binaries
CD. Support is included for several new operating systems.

The Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM contains executables of the GNU
compiler tools for some systems that don't normally come with a
compiler. This allows users of those systems to compile their own
software without having to buy a proprietary compiler.

We hope to include more systems with each update of this CD-ROM. If you
can help build binaries for new systems or have one to suggest, please
contact us at either address on the top menu. For more information, see
*Note Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM::.

* New/Updated Manuals since Last Bulletin (See *Note Documentation::)

Since the last bulletin, we have published new editions of: `Debugging
with GDB', for version 4.16 with a new color cover; `Texinfo' Manual,
edition 2.24; & the `GNU Emacs Manual', for version 19.33 with a new
color cover. `Using and Porting GNU CC' has been re-printed in a
lay-flat bound edition with a new color cover. A new Bison Manual with
a new color cover is planned.

* Give to GNU the United Way!

As a 501(c)3 tax-exempt organization, the FSF is eligible to receive
United Way funds. When donating to United Way, one can specify that all
or part of the donation be directed to the FSF. On the donor form,
check the "Specific Requests" box and include the sentence, "Send my
gift to the Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place, Suite 330,
Boston, MA 02111." We especially appreciate the donations from Microsoft
matching the United Way donations of their employees. Also see *Note
Donations Translate Into Free Software:: and *Note Cygnus Matches
Donations!::.

* Tapes and MS-DOS Diskettes No Longer Available from the FSF

We no longer offer tapes or MS-DOS diskettes due to very low demand.

* GNU Software Works on MS-DOS (Also *note GNU Software::.)

GNU Emacs 19 and many other GNU programs have been ported to MS-DOS for
i386/i486/Pentium machines. We ship binaries & sources on the *Note
Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM::.

* The FSF Takes Credit Cards

We take these credit cards: Carte Blanche, Diner's Club, MasterCard, JCB,
Visa, and American Express. Please note that we are charged about 5% of
an order's total amount in credit card processing fees. Please consider
paying by check instead or adding on a 5% donation to make up the
difference.

We do *not* recommend that you send credit card numbers to us via email,
since we have no way of insuring that the information will remain
confidential.

* MULE Merge Almost Complete

MULE is the Multi-Lingual Emacs developed by Ken'ichi Handa at the
Electro-Technical Lab in Tsukuba, Japan. Handa has readied the code for
merging into Emacs and we expect to complete the merge soon.

* GCC (For current status on GCC and GNAT, *note GNU Software::.)

New front ends for GCC are being done for Pascal & Chill. Pascal,
`gpc', stagnated for some years, but should be released by the time you
read this. See `http://agnes.dida.physik.uni-essen.de/~gnu-pascal'.

* GUILE

GUILE is currently available as a test release. GNU's Ubiquitous
Intelligent Language for Extension is an SCM-based library that can make
any ordinary C program extensible. (For SCM info, see "JACAL" in *Note
GNU Software::.)

Also being developed are SCSH-compatible system call & Tk interfaces, a
module system, dynamic linking support, & a byte-code interpreter.
Support for Emacs Lisp & a more C-like language is coming.

* `units'

Adrian Mariano is doing GNU's version of the traditional Unix `units'
program. It converts a quantity expressed in one scale to another scale.

* Texinfo (For current status, *note GNU Software::.)

Texinfo now provides macro facilities and supports multicolumn tables.
It comes with an `install-info' program that packages can use to update
the `dir' file automatically when they install their Info files.

* GNU Common Lisp (For current status, *note GNU Software::.)

Version 2.2.1 of GNU Common Lisp (GCL) was released in December '96. It
now includes a graphical interface to the Tk widget system. All
documentation is now Texinfo-based, with built-in regexp matching used
to access the documentation. A first pass at the Common Lisp condition
system is also included. Version 2.2.1 contains mainly updates to allow
GCL 2.2 to work correctly with current operating system levels, and to
fix bugs. Volunteers to help with the move to the ANSI standard are
most welcome; please contact `schelter@math.utexas.edu'.

* Experimental Electronic Cash

`http://www.lysator.liu.se/~nisse/NCash' is an experimental
implementation of anonymous electronic cash which is to be released as
free software.

* Web page mirrored in France and Germany

The GNU WWW site `http://www.gnu.ai.mit.edu' is now mirrored in Germany
at the URL `http://agnes.dida.physik.uni-essen.de/~gnu', and in France
at the URL: `http://gnu.via.ecp.fr'. The FSF thanks Peter Gerwinski and
Yann Doussot for running these mirrors.

* HTML Professional and GPL

The recent development and release of HTML Professional was made under
the terms of the GNU GPL. In order to facilitate distribution, the GPL
text was re-encoded into this more recent version of HTML, and is now
distributed with HTML Pro. An online copy can be retrieved at
`http://www.arbornet.org/~silmaril/dtds/html/gnugpl.html'.

HTML Pro is an unofficial version of the HTML DTD. HTML Pro is
distributed for discussion by the `www-html' mailing list. It
composites all other known versions, and allows World Wide Web designers
to use recent experimental additions in a rational and structured manner.
It comes with a `.ced' file for GNU Emacs/psgml-mode and can be gotten at
`ftp://www.ucc.ie/pub/html/htmlpro.{zip|tar.gz|zip.hqx}'.
Documentation is at
`http://www.arbornet.org/~silmaril/dtds/html/htmlpro.html'.

* Meta-HTML 5.01 Source Release

Version 5.01 of Universal Access Inc.'s is now available.

is a programming language specifically designed to work
within the environment of the World Wide Web. Although it is a genuine
programming language, suitable for large-scale symbolic manipulation,
also provides the most commonly wanted Web functionality as
built-in primitives, so you don't have to write them. You can find out
more about the theory of implementation in this white paper
`http://www.metahtml.com/meta-html/manifesto.html'.

Web pages are authored using HTML and statements freely
intermixed. When a page is requested by a browser, the page is passed
through the engine, which dynamically processes any
statements to produce a final HTML page which is delivered
to the browser.

The source distribution provides several different interpreter options:
a CGI engine which can be run by any Unix Web server; a full-featured
Web server (mhttpd) with the interpreter built in; a standalone
processor, much like Perl or Tcl; and an interactive debugger, with a
feel similar to GDB (mdb).

There is a user mailing list: `metahtml-users@metahtml.com'. You can
subscribe on the Web at `http://www.metahtml.com/E-Mail/', or by sending
mail to `metahtml-users-request@metahtml.com'.

Pre-compiled distribution sets for some systems are available via the
Web site at `http://www.metahtml.com'.

* Generic NQS 3.50.0 released

The new version of Generic NQS brings cluster-wide dynamic scheduling,
SMP support for Digital UNIX, prologue/epilogue scripting, support for
new platforms (HP-UX 10 and Dynix 4), ease of installation, & many bug
fixes.

Generic NQS is firmly established as one of the world's leading
freely-available batch processing systems for UNIX-like operating
systems, with over 100 installations world-wide, & over 20 with the UK
HE sector. Released under version 2 of the GNU General Public License,
Generic NQS supports one of the widest ranges of platforms, & is the
only freely-available batch processing system to make use of extra
scheduling capabilities of IRIX & Digital UNIX.

For more information, visit `http://www.shef.ac.uk/~nqs'.

* More Support for the Computer as Fax-Machine

Viewfax is designed for rapid interactive viewing of faxes on your
X-Window screen. If you have a fax modem & use one of the freely
available fax-packages such as HylaFAX or mgetty, viewfax is ideal for
reading received faxes & for previewing outgoing ones. It takes less
than a second for the page to appear on a modern workstation. You can
step forwards & backwards through a sequence of pages & change the
magnification by zooming in or out.

Viewfax can look at any g3- or g4-coded fax file, including multipage
tiff/f files, so it can be part of a document archiving system: you
could scan b/w documents & store them as g4-compressed tiff files; then
view them later with viewfax.

* VRweb Browser

VRweb, a browser for 3D models on the Web written in the Virtual Reality
Modeling Language (VRML), is now available under the GPL. VRweb works
in conjunction with Web browsers on Unix & Windows platforms.

VRweb is a joint project of IICM (home of Hyper-G), NCSA (home of
Mosaic), & the University of Minnesota (home of Gopher). The software
is freely available in binary & source. VRweb 1.2 for Unix has just
been released, VRweb 1.2 for Windows will follow in due course. You can
download VRweb from `ftp://iicm.tu-graz.ac.at/pub/Hyper-G/VRweb/UNIX'
and numerous mirror sites. Further information on VRweb can be found at
`http://hyperg.iicm.tu-graz.ac.at/vrweb'.

VRML is a non-proprietary, platform-independent file format for 3D
graphics on the Internet. Also see `http://www.sdsc.edu/vrml/', the
VRML Repository.

Astronomical Analysis Systems Freed
***********************************

by Dr. Joseph Harrington, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

In the past year, three of the five most popular data reduction packages in
astronomy have changed to free licensing. This is an exciting development
because it signals a shift in institutional thinking toward GPL. These
packages typically contain 100 MB-1 GB of code and documentation. One is
commercial (and remains proprietary) and the rest were developed as projects
of observatory consortia. Prior licensing ranged from
free-for-non-commercial to painfully negotiated, individual paper licenses.
The institutions have conquered their fears and now trust the GPL to protect
their interests.

The packages involved are:

AIPS++ (C++ rewrite of Classic AIPS, first to go GPL in 1995)
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory & many others,
GPL, `http://aips2.nrao.edu/aips++/docs/html/aips++.html'

Classic AIPS Astronomical Image Processing System
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory,
GPL (new this year), `http://www.cv.nrao.edu/aips/aips-home.html'

IDL (Interactive Data Language)
- Research Systems, Inc.,
Proprietary license, `http://www.rsinc.com/idl/index.html'

IRAF (Image Reduction and Analysis Facility)
- National Optical Astronomy Observatories (runs Kitt Peak National
Observatory and others),
License more permissive than GPL (new this year), `http://iraf.noao.edu/'

MIDAS (Munich Image Data Analysis System)
- European Southern Observatory,
GPL (new this year), `http://www.eso.org/midas-info/midas.html'

A table comparing many (mostly free) environments potentially useful to data
analysis appears at
`http://lheawww.gsfc.nasa.gov/users/barrett/IDAE/table.1.html'.

The owner of the commercial package was at a conference in September & says he
believes strongly in object-only licensing (he gets $1500 per user). Most
people at the conference & in the field at large strongly dislike the
company's attitude & the restrictions placed on this work, & much of the
discussion at a workshop on interactive data analysis environments centered on
how to reproduce the functionality of this package's excellent routines in a
free system. This will be difficult, but the commitment appears to be there.
A number of efforts have already been started, one of which (numerical Python,
`http://www.python.org/') has the support of a major lab.

Free Music Philosophy
*********************

The Free Music Philosophy (FMP) is an idea that encourages free copying,
distribution, and modification of music. As with free software, the word
"free" refers to freedom, not price. The philosophy is that abridging the
freedom of music is destructive to society. The FMP primarily refers to
noncommercial use; commercial use is addressed elsewhere.

Compulsory licenses and tariff-based schemes free musical compositions and
sound recordings (the two forms of copyright in music) to a limited degree
for commercial purposes. Music is further freed by not abridging any
noncommercial use. The FMP advocates voluntary freeing of music (primarily
for noncommercial purposes, optionally for commercial purposes), to result in
a society with enhanced freedoms. The FMP serves as an ethical guide and
counters music industry propaganda.

Ram Samudrala has released his first album, `Twisted Helices' Traversing a
Twisted Path', utilizing the FMP. It has sold 700+ copies in its first seven
months. There are many bands who have self-released albums, some on major
labels, that have not sold as many copies, or, more importantly, have not
seen revenues from the sale of even a single copy. While Samudrala has done
aggressive marketing, he attributes a significant part of his success to the
FMP.

Other bands have adopted this idea, motivated by ethics and the economic
benefits of the publicity provided by freeing music. A prime example is the
progressive-metal band Angra, who have sold 80,000+ of their first release.
Due to limited distribution of the official recordings, several bootlegs have
sprung up. Singer Andre Matos believes that the bootlegs have increased
sales.

Thus it can be argued that free music is good marketing. However, freeing
music must be motivated by ethics. The economic rationale is justification
against critics who argue that it deprives artists of income. Supporters of
the FMP are not opposed to musicians making an income from music, but feel it
is unethical to engage in destructive practices to do so.

Help the GNU Translation Project
********************************

GNU is going international! Our Translation Project gets users, translators,
& maintainers together, so GNU will gradually speak many native languages.
As of November 1996, we have internationalized 26 GNU packages into 14
languages, using 133 translation files; the translation teams have 362
members.

To complete the GNU Translation Project, we need many people who like their
own language and write it well, and who are also able to synergize with other
translators speaking the same language as part of "translation teams".

If you want to start a new team, or want more information on existing teams
or other aspects of this project, write `gnu-translation@prep.ai.mit.edu'.
Also see *Note GNU Software::, for information about `gettext', the tool the
GNU Translation Project uses to help translators and programmers.

GNU & Other Free Software in Japan
**********************************

Mieko (`h-mieko@sra.co.jp') and Nobuyuki Hikichi (`hikichi@sra.co.jp')
continue to volunteer for the GNU Project in Japan. They translate each
issue of this Bulletin into Japanese and distribute it widely, along with the
translation of Version 2 of the GNU General Public License. This translation
of the GPL is authorized by the FSF and is available by anonymous FTP from
`ftp.sra.co.jp' in `/pub/gnu/local-fix/GPL2-j'. They are working on a formal
translation of the GNU Library General Public License. They also solicit
donations and offer GNU software consulting.

`nepoch' (the Japanese version of Epoch) & MULE are available and widely used
in Japan. MULE (the MULtilingual Enhancement of GNU Emacs) can handle many
character sets at once. Its features are being merged into the principal
version of Emacs. *Note GNU Software::, for more details on MULE. The FSF
does not distribute `nepoch', but MULE is available on the *Note January 1997
Source Code CD-ROMs::. FTP it from `sh.wide.ad.jp' in `/JAPAN/mule', or
`etlport.etl.go.jp' in `/pub/mule'.

The Village Center, Inc. prints a Japanese translation (ISBN 4-938704-02-1)
of the `GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual' and puts the Texinfo source on
various bulletin boards, and prints each issue of the Japanese GNU's Bulletin.
They also publish Nobuyuki & Mieko's `Think GNU' (ISBN 4-938704-10-2); this
may be the first non-FSF copylefted publication in Japan. They also
redistribute GNU CD-ROMs at this bookstore:

Shosen Grande
1-3-2 Kanda Jinbo-cho, Chiyoda-ku
Tokyo 101, Japan

Telephone: 03-3295-0011

Part of Village Center's profits are donated to the FSF. Their address is:

Village Center, Inc.
3-2 Kanda Jinbo-cho, Chiyoda-ku
Tokyo 101, Japan

Telephone: 03-3221-3520
URL: http://www.villagecenter.co.jp/
URL: http://www.villagecenter.co.jp/gnu.html for GNU products info
handling by Village Center

Addison-Wesley Publishers Japan Ltd. has printed Japanese translations of the
`GNU Make Manual' (ISBN 4-7952-9627-X), the `GAWK Manual' (ISBN
4-7952-9672-8), & the `Texinfo Manual' (ISBN 4-7952-9684-7), & will print the
Japanese `GNU Emacs Manual 19.30', & `Bison Manual', etc. Their address is:

Addison-Wesley Publishers Japan Ltd.
Nichibou Bldg. 2F
1-2-2 Sarugaku-cho, Chiyoda-ku
Tokyo 101, Japan

Telephone: 03-3291-4581

There is a mailing list in Japan to discuss both hardware & software which is
under the GNU General Public License. It provides information about making
your own computer system. The main language of the list is Japanese. If you
are interested in getting information or having discussions in English, ask
`mka@apricot.juice.or.jp' or `ishiz@muraoka.info.waseda.ac.jp'.

Many groups in Japan now distribute GNU software. They include JUG, a PC
user group; ASCII, a periodical and book publisher; the Fujitsu FM Towns
users group; and SRA's special GNU users' support group, Wingnut, who also
purchased the first Deluxe Distribution package in Japan (also *note Help
from Free Software Companies::.). (Since then, there have been several other
purchases of Deluxe Distribution packages in Japan.)

It is easy to place an order directly with the FSF from Japan, thus funding
new software. To get an FSF Order Form written in Japanese, ask
`japan-fsf-orders@prep.ai.mit.edu'. We encourage you to buy our software CDs:
for example, 150 CD-ROM orders at the corporate rate allow the FSF to hire a
programmer for a year to write more free software.

The Research Institute for Advanced Information Technology (AITEC) releases
ICOT Free Software (IFS) to the public. IFS is a software archive in the
field of parallel processing & knowledge processing developed at ICOT in the
Fifth Generation Computer Project & its follow-on project. Besides IFS,
AITEC has just started releasing many software programs developed at many
groups through its research funding activities with release conditions
similar to those of IFS. Through their web page, AITEC releases 20 major IFS
programs & 22 programs developed through AITEC's research funding program.

As of the end of October 1996, over 4,600 persons have accessed AITEC's web
page, & almost 29,000 IFS files have been transferred since the first release
in 1992.

Newly developed software will be released to the public with conditions
similar to those of IFS.

For now, the domain name will remain `icot.or.jp'. For more information,
please see URL `http://www.icot.or.jp/'.

The ImageSearcher is an object-oriented program to search images by
specifying properties of the image itself, without relying on the name or
attributes of the file. It searches focusing on typical color, average
luminance, nine colors, image extent, center spectra, etc. It runs on
VisualWorks 2.5.1 (Smalltalk). As a result of the "eMMa Project" research
sponsored by IPA and SRA (written by Atsushi Aoki), the source code and
documentation are distributed under the GPL as free software, and are
available via FTP from host `ftp.sra.co.jp' in file
`/pub/lang/smalltalk/ipa/VisualWorks2.5/IPA006.tar.gz'.

Forthcoming GNUs
****************

Information about the current status of released GNU programs can be found in
*Note GNU Software::. Here is some news of future plans.

* e-scape

E-scape is being designed as a web browser with graphical capabilities.

* `gss'

`gss' is the GNU SQL Server. We expect to be making a test release soon.

* GNU C Library (For current status, *note GNU Software::.)

Version 2.0 of the GNU C library should be released when you read this.
GNU/Hurd support is now fully functional. The new GNU C library will
also be the new standard system C library on GNU/Linux, `libc.so.6'. The
GNU C library is now maintained by Ulrich Drepper (who also did the
Linux/i386 port) but it would not be what it is today without the help
of Roland McGrath (former maintainer and main contributor), David
Mosberger-Tang and Richard Henderson (Linux/Alpha and 64-bit ELF
support), Andreas Schwab (Linux/m68k support), and many others.

The goal for the GNU C library is to conform to the POSIX & X/Open
standards; we are very close to that goal. The main improvements are
new floating-point printing/reading functions that are perfectly accurate
& much faster than the old code (Ulrich); an `nsswitch.conf' mechanism
for versatile name database lookup, paving the way for easy plug-in
support of protocols like NIS (Roland & Ulrich); a complete set of
internationalization features including POSIX.2-compatible `locale' &
`localedef' programs, & catalogs for displaying program messages in
languages other than English (Ulrich again, the Proceedings to the First
Conference on Freely Redistributable Software contains a paper about
this work; to order a copy of the Proceedings, see the FSF Order Form,
in the centerfold).

The most progressive change is probably the complete thread-safeness.
Functions with a non-reentrant interface now have a reentrant
counterpart, others use internal locking. The whole standard I/O and
`nsswitch.conf' mechanism is thread safe. Together with a separately
available thread library the system now nearly 100% conforms with the
POSIX threads standard.

The library now builds as a shared library for systems that use the ELF
object file format. Included is the run-time loader (`ld.so') which
sets up the shared libraries when a program runs; it works now with the
Hurd & Linux kernels, and is easy to port to other ELF systems such as
SVR4 & Solaris 2.

* GNU Emacs (For current status, *note GNU Software::.)

Future versions of Emacs will: save the undo history in a file (which
allows you to undo older changes in the history) and also have support
for variable-width fonts, wide character sets, and the world's major
languages. Our long term plan is to move it in the direction of a
WYSIWYG word processor & make it easier for beginners to use.

* GNUstep (Also see "Objective-C Library" in *Note GNU Software::)

OpenStep is an object-oriented application programming interface
specification being proposed as an open object standard. Since its
announcement over three years ago, there has been much interest in a GNU
implementation, named GNUstep. Work has begun on GNUstep, starting with
a library written in Objective-C. Much remains to be done to bring this
library close to the OpenStep specifications. Volunteers should contact
`mccallum@gnu.ai.mit.edu'. Also see `http://www.gnustep.org/'.

* `recode' (For current status, *note GNU Software::.)

The next `recode' release should give more flexible control over
encodings of charsets, offer MIME conversions, & handle ISO-10646
(Unicode). It will install a library & support files to help work
towards internationalizing GNU.

* Teak

Teak, the GNU desktop interface, is intended to enable users with
minimal computer experience to browse the filesystem, launch programs, &
perform file manipulations. Teak is still in the early stages of
development, but here are some of the features planned for the first
release: view directories sorted by name, date, size, etc, or treat the
directory as a field of icons to arrange as they please within the
window; drag-&-drop -- edit a file by dragging it into an editor
program's window, or print a file by dropping it on a printer icon; &
for easy access, you can place icons for frequently-used files or
programs directly on the background of your screen.

For the second release, volunteers have offered to enhance Teak to
browse FTP sites, tar files, etc.

We have designed Teak around GUILE. which will simplify Teak, keep its
user interface flexible, & allow easy interaction with other GNU
programs.

Teak's developer, Jim Blandy, also works on GUILE. Jim has put aside
Teak to concentrate on GUILE; after enough progress has been made on
GUILE, he will be resuming his work on Teak.

Why do we call it Teak? "Because Teak makes a mighty fine desktop."

* `ptx' (For current status, *note GNU Software::.)

The next release of `ptx' should offer contextualized support for SGML
texts as the first step towards a major overhaul for the package.

* C Interpreter

We hope to add interpreter facilities to our compiler and debugger. This
task is partly finished. GCC generates byte code for all supported
languages, but that support is in flux at this time. A new effort to
finish this work has begun. To make this work usable, we need to enhance
GDB to load the byte code dynamically. We would also like support for
compiling just a few selected functions in a file. Due to limited
resources, the FSF cannot fund this. Interested volunteers should
contact `gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu'.

* Fortran (For info on `f2c' & GCC, *note GNU Software::.)

The GNU Fortran (`g77') front end is stable, but more work is needed to
bring its overall packaging, feature set, and performance up to the
levels the Fortran community expects. Tasks to be done include:
improving documentation and diagnostics; speeding up compilation,
especially for large, densely initialized data tables; completing
existing support for `INTEGER*2', `INTEGER*8', and similar features;
allowing intrinsics in `PARAMETER' statements; and providing debug
information on `COMMON' and `EQUIVALENCE' variables. We don't know when
these things will be done, but hope some will be finished in the coming
months. You can speed progress by working on them or by offering
funding.

A mailing list exists for announcements about `g77'. To subscribe, ask
`info-gnu-fortran-request@prep.ai.mit.edu'. To contact the developer of
`g77' or get current status, write or finger `fortran@gnu.ai.mit.edu'.

* Smalltalk (For current status, *note GNU Software::.)

The next release, version 1.2, is planned to use Autoconf. It will have
substantial performance improvements & memory requirement reductions,
more control over memory allocation, ability to use the Smalltalk
interpreter as a C callable library, better X Window System interfaces,
ability to represent & manipulate C data structures in Smalltalk,
conditional compilation facilities, large integer support, an advanced
GUI-based class browsing system, better TCP/IP interfaces, exception
support, weak references, & finalization support. It will run on UNIX,
DOS, & Windows NT.

3. The Dictionary Project

The FSF has a copy of the unabridged `Century Dictionary', now in the
public domain, and we are planning to put it online. We tried OCR, but
it wasn't reliable enough. Russell Nelson is coordinating the project.
Volunteers have entered close to fifty pages so far, but the project
needs more help; to volunteer, send mail to `dictionary@gnu.ai.mit.edu'
or contact the FSF.

Free Software Support
*********************

The Free Software Foundation does not provide technical support. Our mission
is developing software, because that is the most time-efficient way to
increase what free software can do. We leave it to others to earn a living
providing support. We see programmers as providing a service, much as
doctors and lawyers do now; both medical and legal knowledge are freely
redistributable, but their practitioners charge for service.

The GNU Service Directory is a list of people who offer support & other
consulting services. It is `/pub/gnu/GNUinfo/SERVICE' on a GNU FTP host
(listed in *Note How to Get GNU Software::), on the World Wide Web at URL
`http://www.gnu.ai.mit.edu/prep/service.html', in the file `etc/SERVICE' in
the Emacs distribution, & the file `SERVICE' in the GCC distribution.
Contact us to get it or to be listed in it. Service providers who share
their income with the FSF are listed in *Note Help from Free Software
Companies::.

If you find a deficiency in any GNU software, we want to know. We have many
Internet mailing lists for bug reports, announcements, & questions. They are
also gatewayed into USENET news as our `gnu.*' newsgroups. Both are listed
in file `/pub/gnu/GNUinfo/MAILINGLISTS' on a GNU FTP host (listed in *Note
How to Get GNU Software::), in the file `etc/MAILINGLISTS' in the Emacs
distribution, at URL `http://www.gnu.ai.mit.edu/prep/mailinglists.html' or
request it from either address on the top menu.

When we receive a bug report, we usually try to fix the problem. While our
bug fixes may seem like individual assistance, they are not; they are part of
preparing a new improved version that help all users. We may send you a
patch for a bug so that you can help us test the fix and ensure its quality.
If your bug report does not evoke a solution from us, you may still get one
from another user on our bug report mailing lists. Otherwise, use the
Service Directory.

Please do not ask us to help you install software or learn how to use it--but
do tell us how an installation script fails or where documentation is unclear.

When choosing a service provider, ask those you are considering how much they
do to assist free software development, e.g., by contributing money to free
software development or by writing free software improvements themselves for
general use. By basing your decision partially on this factor, you can
encourage those who profit from free software to contribute to its growth.

GNU Software
************

All our software is available via FTP; see *Note How to Get GNU Software::.
We also offer *Note CD-ROMs::, and printed *Note Documentation::, which
includes manuals and reference cards. In the articles describing the
contents of each medium, the version number listed after each program name
was current when we published this Bulletin. When you order a newer CD-ROM,
some of the programs may be newer and therefore the version number higher.
See the *note Free Software Foundation Order Form::., for ordering
information.

Some of the contents of our FTP distributions are compressed. We have
software on our FTP sites to uncompress these files. Due to patent troubles
with `compress', we use another compression program, `gzip'. (Such
prohibitions on software development are fought by the League for Programming
Freedom; *note What Is the LPF::., for details.)

You may need to build GNU `make' before you build our other software. Some
vendors supply no `make' utility at all and some native `make' programs lack
the `VPATH' feature essential for using the GNU configure system to its full
extent. The GNU `make' sources have a shell script to build `make' itself on
such systems.

We welcome all bug reports and enhancements sent to the appropriate
electronic mailing list (*note Free Software Support::.).

Configuring GNU Software
------------------------

We are using Autoconf, a uniform scheme for configuring GNU software packages
in order to compile them (see "Autoconf" and "Automake" below, in this
article). The goal is to have all GNU software support the same alternatives
for naming machine and system types.

Ultimately, it will be possible to configure and build the entire system all
at once, eliminating the need to configure each individual package separately.

You can also specify both the host and target system to build
cross-compilation tools. Most GNU programs now use Autoconf-generated
configure scripts.

GNU Software Now Available
--------------------------

For future programs and features, see *Note Forthcoming GNUs::.

Key to cross reference:

BinCD January 1997 Binaries CD-ROM
SrcCD January 1997 Source CD-ROMs

[FSFman] shows that we sell a manual for that package. [FSFrc] shows we sell
a reference card for that package. To order them, see the *note Free
Software Foundation Order Form::. *Note Documentation::, for more
information on the manuals. Source code for each manual or reference card is
included with each package.

* `acm' (SrcCD)

`acm' is a LAN-oriented, multiplayer, aerial combat simulation that runs
under the X Window System. Players engage in air to air combat against
one another using heat seeking missiles and cannons. We are working on
a more accurate simulation of real airplane flight characteristics.

* Apache *Also see* `http://www.apache.org/' (SrcCD)

Apache is an HTTP server designed as a successor to the NCSA family of
web servers. It adds a significant amount of new functionality, has an
extensive API for modular enhancements, is extremely flexible without
compromising speed, and has an active development group and user
community.

* Autoconf (SrcCD)

Autoconf produces shell scripts which automatically configure source code
packages. These scripts adapt the packages to many kinds of Unix-like
systems without manual user intervention. Autoconf creates a script for
a package from a template file which lists the operating system features
which the package can use, in the form of `m4' macro calls. Autoconf
requires GNU `m4' to operate, but the resulting configure scripts it
generates do not.

* Automake (SrcCD)

Automake is a tool for generating `Makefile.in's for use with Autoconf.
The generated makefiles are compliant with GNU Makefile standards.

* BASH (SrcCD)

GNU's shell, BASH (Bourne Again SHell), is compatible with the Unix `sh'
and offers many extensions found in `csh' and `ksh'. BASH has job
control, `csh'-style command history, command-line editing (with Emacs
and `vi' modes built-in), and the ability to rebind keys via the
`readline' library. BASH conforms to the POSIX 1003.2-1992 standard.

* `bc' (SrcCD)

`bc' is an interactive algebraic language with arbitrary precision
numbers. GNU `bc' follows the POSIX 1003.2-1992 standard with several
extensions, including multi-character variable names, an `else'
statement, and full Boolean expressions. The RPN calculator `dc' is now
distributed as part of the same package, but GNU `bc' is not implemented
as a `dc' preprocessor.

* BFD (BinCD, SrcCD)

The Binary File Descriptor library allows a program which operates on
object files (e.g., `ld' or GDB) to support many different formats in a
clean way. BFD provides a portable interface, so that only BFD needs to
know the details of a particular format. One result is that all
programs using BFD will support formats such as a.out, COFF, and ELF.
BFD comes with Texinfo source for a manual (not yet published on paper).

At present, BFD is not distributed separately; it is included with
packages that use it.

* Binutils (BinCD, SrcCD)

Binutils includes these programs: `ar', `c++filt', `demangle', `gas',
`gprof', `ld', `nlmconv', `nm', `objcopy', `objdump', `ranlib', `size',
`strings', & `strip'.

Binutils version 2 uses the BFD library. The GNU assembler, `gas',
supports the a29k, Alpha, H8/300, H8/500, HP-PA, i386, i960, m68k, m88k,
MIPS, NS32K, SH, SPARC, Tahoe, Vax, and Z8000 CPUs, and attempts to be
compatible with many other assemblers for Unix and embedded systems. It
can produce mixed C and assembly listings, and includes a macro facility
similar to that in some other assemblers. GNU's linker, `ld', emits
source-line numbered error messages for multiply-defined symbols and
undefined references, and interprets a superset of AT&T's Linker Command
Language, which gives control over where segments are placed in memory.
`nlmconv' converts object files into Novell NetWare Loadable Modules.
`objdump' can disassemble code for most of the CPUs listed above, and
can display other data (e.g., symbols and relocations) from any file
format read by BFD.

* Bison *See *Note Documentation::* (BinCD, SrcCD) [FSFman, FSFrc]

Bison is an upwardly compatible replacement for the parser generator
`yacc'. Texinfo source for the `Bison Manual' and reference card are
included.

* C Library *See *Note Forthcoming GNUs::* (BinCD, SrcCD) [FSFman]

The GNU C library supports ISO C-1989, ISO C/amendment 1-1995, POSIX
1003.1-1990, POSIX 1003.1b-1993, POSIX 1003.1c-1995 (when the underlying
system permits), & most of the functions in POSIX 1003.2-1992. It is
nearly compliant with the extended XPG4.2 specification which guarantees
upward compatibility with 4.4BSD & many System V functions.

When used with the GNU Hurd, the C Library performs many functions of the
Unix system calls directly. Mike Haertel has written a fast `malloc'
which wastes less memory than the old GNU version.

GNU `stdio' lets you define new kinds of streams, just by writing a few
C functions. Two methods for handling translated messages help writing
internationalized programs & the user can adopt the environment the
program runs in to conform with local conventions. Extended `getopt'
functions are already used to parse options, including long options, in
many GNU utilities. The name lookup functions now are modularized which
makes it easier to select the service which is needed for the specific
database & the document interface makes it easy to add new services.
Texinfo source for the `GNU C Library Reference Manual' is included
(*note Documentation::.).

Previous versions of the GNU C library ran on a large number of systems.
The architecture-dependent parts of the C library have not been updated
since development on version 2.0 started, so today it runs out of the
box only on GNU/Hurd (all platforms GNU/Hurd also runs on) & GNU/Linux
(ix86, Alpha, m68k, work is in progress for MIPS & Sparc). Other
architectures will become available again as soon as somebody does the
port.

* C++ Library (BinCD, SrcCD)

The GNU C++ library (libg++) contains an extensive collection of
container and utility classes, including Obstacks, multiple-precision
Integers and Rationals, Complex numbers, BitSets, and BitStrings.

The distribution also includes the libstdc++ library. This implements
library facilities defined by the forthcoming ANSI/ISO C++ standard,
including strings, the iostream library, and a port of the Standard
Template Library.

* Calc (SrcCD) [FSFman, FSFrc]

Calc (written by Dave Gillespie in Emacs Lisp) is an extensible, advanced
desk calculator & mathematical tool that runs as part of GNU Emacs. You
can use Calc as a simple four-function calculator, but it has many more
features including: choice of algebraic or RPN (stack-based) entry;
logarithmic, trigonometric, & financial functions; arbitrary precision;
complex numbers; vectors; matrices; dates; times; infinities; sets;
algebraic simplification; & differentiation & integration. It outputs to
`gnuplot', & comes with source for a manual & reference card (*note
Documentation::.).

* `cfengine' (SrcCD)

`cfengine' is used to maintain site-wide configuration of a
heterogeneous Unix network using a simple high level language. Its
appearance is similar to `rdist', but allows many more operations to be
performed automatically. See Mark Burgess, "A Site Configuration
Engine", `Computing Systems', Vol. 8, No. 3 (ask `office@usenix.org' how
to get a copy).

* Chess (SrcCD)

GNU Chess lets most modern computers play a full game of chess. It has
a plain terminal interface, a curses interface, & the unique X Windows
interface `xboard'. Best results are obtained using GNU C to compile
GNU Chess.

Recent improvements include "configure"-capability, correct thinking on
opponent's time, makefile for Windows NT, full Windows 95/NT
compatibility, parallel Unix & Windows 95/NT versions, major crash bug
fix & various other minor improvements & bug fixes.

Stuart Cracraft founded GNU Chess & is the project lead for the 10+ year
history of GNU Chess. Acknowledgements for this past year's work
include Chua Kong Sian, National Supercomputing Research Center,
Singapore; & Conor McCarthy, Biomolecular/Biomed Science at Griffith
University, Australia.

Send bugs to `bug-gnu-chess@prep.ai.mit.edu' & general comments to
`info-gnu-chess@prep.ai.mit.edu'. Visit the author's website at
`http://www.win.net/~msm/index.html'. Play GNU Chess on the web at
`http://www.delorie.com/game-room/chess'.

* CLISP (SrcCD)

CLISP is a Common Lisp implementation by Bruno Haible & Michael Stoll.
It mostly supports the Lisp described by `Common LISP: The Language (2nd
edition)' & the ANSI Common Lisp standard. CLISP includes an
interpreter, a byte-compiler, a large subset of CLOS & a foreign language
interface. The user interface language (English, German, French) can be
chosen at run time. An X11 API is available through CLX & Garnet.
CLISP needs only 2 MB of memory & runs on many microcomputers (including
MS-DOS systems, OS/2, Windows NT, Windows 95, Amiga 500-4000, & Acorn
RISC PC) & all kinds of Unix systems.

* Common Lisp *Also *note GNUs Flashes::.* (SrcCD)

GNU Common Lisp (GCL, formerly known as Kyoto Common Lisp) is a compiler
& interpreter for Common Lisp. GCL is very portable & extremely
efficient on a wide class of applications, & compares favorably in
performance with commercial Lisps on several large theorem-prover &
symbolic algebra systems. GCL supports the CLtL1 specification but is
moving towards the proposed ANSI standard.

GCL compiles to C & then uses the native optimizing C compiler (e.g.,
GCC). A function with a fixed number of args & one value turns into a C
function of the same number of args, returning one value--so GCL is
maximally efficient on such calls. Its conservative garbage collector
gives great freedom to the C compiler to put Lisp values in registers.
It has a source level Lisp debugger for interpreted code & displays
source code in an Emacs window. Its profiler (based on the C profiling
tools) counts function calls & the time spent in each function.

There is now a built-in interface to the Tk widget system. It runs in a
separate process, so users may monitor progress on Lisp computations or
interact with running computations via a windowing interface.

There is also an Xlib interface via C (xgcl-2). CLX runs with GCL, as
does PCL (see "PCL" later in this article).

GCL version 2.2.1 is released under the GNU Library General Public
License.

* CLX (SrcCD)

CLX is an X Window interface library for GCL. This is separate from the
built-in TK interface.

* `cpio' (SrcCD)

`cpio' is an archive program with all the features of SVR4 `cpio',
including support for the final POSIX 1003.1 `ustar' standard. `mt', a
program to position magnetic tapes, is included with `cpio'.

* CVS (SrcCD)

CVS is a version control system (like RCS or SCCS) which allows you to
keep old versions of files (usually source code), keep a log of who,
when, and why changes occurred, etc. It handles multiple developers,
multiple directories, triggers to enable/log/control various operations,
and can work over a wide area network. It does not handle build
management or bug-tracking; these are handled by `make' and GNATS,
respectively.

* DejaGnu (SrcCD)

DejaGnu is a framework to test programs with a single front end for all
tests. DejaGnu's flexibility & consistency makes it easy to write tests.
DejaGnu will also work with remote hosts and embedded systems.

DejaGnu comes with `expect', which runs scripts to conduct dialogs with
programs.

* Diffutils (SrcCD)

GNU `diff' compares files showing line-by-line changes in several
flexible formats. It is much faster than traditional Unix versions. The
Diffutils package has `diff', `diff3', `sdiff', & `cmp'. Future plans
include support for internationalization (e.g., error messages in
Chinese) & some non-Unix PC environments, & a library interface that can
be used by other free software.

* DJGPP *Also see "GCC" in this article* (BinCD)

DJ Delorie has ported GCC/G++ to i386s running DOS. DJGPP has a 32-bit
i386 DOS extender with a symbolic debugger, development libraries, &
ports of Bison, `flex', & Binutils. Full source code is provided. It
needs at least 5MB of hard disk space to install & 512K of RAM to use.
It supports SVGA (up to 1024x768), XMS & VDISK memory allocation,
`himem.sys', VCPI (e.g., QEMM, DESQview, & 386MAX), & DPMI (e.g.,
Windows 3.x, OS/2, QEMM, & QDPMI). Version 2 was released in Feb. 1996,
& needs a DPMI environment; a free DPMI server is included.

FTP from `ftp.simtel.net' in `/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/' (or a SimTel
mirror site).

Ask `listserv@delorie.com', to join a DJGPP users mailing list.

* `dld' (SrcCD)

`dld' is a dynamic linker written by W. Wilson Ho. Linking your program
with the `dld' library allows you to dynamically load object files into
the running binary. `dld' supports a.out object types on the following
platforms: Convex C-Series (BSD), i386/i486/Pentium (GNU/Linux), Sequent
Symmetry i386 (Dynix 3), Sun-3 (SunOS 3 & 4), Sun-4 (SunOS 4), & VAX
(Ultrix).

* `doschk' (SrcCD)

This program is a utility to help software developers ensure that their
source file names are distinguishable on System V platforms with
14-character filenames and on MS-DOS systems with 8+3 character
filenames.

* `ed' (SrcCD)

`ed' is the standard text editor. It is line-oriented and can be used
interactively or in scripts.

* Elib (SrcCD)

Elib is a small library of Emacs Lisp functions, including routines for
using AVL trees and doubly-linked lists.

* Elisp archive (SrcCD)

This is a snapshot of Ohio State's GNU Emacs Lisp FTP Archive. FTP it
from `archive.cis.ohio-state.edu' in `/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive'.

* Emacs *Also *note Forthcoming GNUs::.* [FSFman(s), FSFrc]

In 1975, Richard Stallman developed the first Emacs, an extensible,
customizable real-time display editor & computing environment. GNU Emacs
is his second implementation. It offers true Lisp--smoothly integrated
into the editor--for writing extensions & provides an interface to the X
Window System. It runs on Unix, MS-DOS, & Windows NT or 95. In
addition to its powerful native command set, Emacs can emulate the
editors vi & EDT (DEC's VMS editor). Emacs has many other features which
make it a full computing support environment. Source for the `GNU Emacs
Manual' & a reference card comes with the software. Sources for the
`GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual', & `Programming in Emacs Lisp: An
Introduction' are distributed in separate packages. *Note
Documentation::.

* Emacs 19 (SrcCD) [FSFman(s), FSFrc]

Emacs 19 works with character-only terminals & with the X Window System
(with or without an X toolkit). Features new to Emacs 19 include:
multiple X windows ("frames" to Emacs), with a separate X window for the
minibuffer or a minibuffer attached to each X window; use of the X
toolkit; interfacing with the X resource manager; property lists
associated with regions of text in a buffer; multiple fonts & colors
defined by those properties; simplified/improved processing of function
keys, mouse movement & clicks; X selection processing, including
clipboard selections; hooks to be run if the point or mouse moves
outside a certain range; menu bars & popup menus defined by keymaps;
scrollbars; before- & after-change hooks; a source-level debugger for
Emacs Lisp programs; floating point numbers; improved buffer allocation,
including returning storage to the system when a buffer is killed; many
updated libraries; Autoconf-based configuration; support for version
control systems (CVS, RCS, & SCCS); & European character sets.

Features added recently to Emacs 19 include the ability to open frames
on more than one X display from a single Emacs job, operation under
MS-DOS, MS Windows, and Windows NT, displaying multiple views of an
outline at the same time, Lisp-level timers for real time and idle time,
version control support for CVS and for multiple branches, text
properties for formatting text, commands to edit text properties and
save them in files, and GNU-standard long-named command line options.
Also see *Note Forthcoming GNUs::.

Emacs 19 works on: Acorn RISC (RISCiX); Alliant FX/2800 (BSD); Alpha
(OSF/1 or GNU/Linux); Apollo (DomainOS); Bull DPX/2 2nn & 3nn (SysV.3) &
sps7 (SysV.2); Clipper; Convex (BSD); Cubix QBx (SysV); Data General
Aviion (DGUX); DEC MIPS (Ultrix 4.2, OSF/1, not VMS); Elxsi 6400 (SysV);
Gould Power Node & NP1 (4.2 & 4.3BSD); Harris Night Hawk 1200, 3000,
4000 & 5000 (cxux); Harris Night Hawk Power PC (powerunix); Honeywell
XPS100 (SysV); HP 9000 series 200, 300, 700, 800 (but not 500) (4.3BSD;
HP-UX 7, 8, 9; NextStep); Intel i386/i486/Pentium (GNU/Hurd, GNU/Linux,
386BSD, AIX, BSDI/386, FreeBSD, Esix, ISC, MS-DOS, NetBSD, SCO3.2v4,
Solaris, SysV, Xenix, WindowsNT, Windows95); IBM RS/6000 (AIX 3.2) &
RT/PC (AIX, BSD); Motorola Delta 147 & 187 (SysV.3, SysV.4, m88kbcs);
National Semiconductor 32K (Genix); NeXT (BSD, Mach 2 w/ NeXTStep 3.0);
Paragon (OSF/1); Prime EXL (SysV); Pyramid (BSD); Sequent Symmetry (BSD,
ptx); Siemens RM400 & RM600 (SysV); SGI Iris 4D (Irix 4.x & 5.x); Sony
News/RISC (NewsOS); Stardent i860 (SysV); Sun 3 & 4, SPARC 1, 1+, 2, 10,
Classic (SunOS 4.0, 4.1, Solaris 2.0-2.3); Tadpole 68k (SysV); Tektronix
XD88 (SysV.3) & 4300 (BSD); & Titan P2 & P3 (SysV).

* Emacs 18 (SrcCD) [FSFrc]

Emacs 18 is several years old. We no longer maintain it, but still
distribute it for those using platforms which Emacs 19 does not support:
Alliant FX/80, Altos 3068, Amdahl (UTS), AT&T (3Bs & 7300 PC), CCI 5/32
& 6/32, Celerity, DEC (VAX VMS), Dual, Encore (APC, DPC, & XPC), HLH
Orion (original & 1/05), ISI (Optimum V, 80386), Masscomp, NCR Tower 32
(SVR2 & SVR3), Nixdorf Targon 31, Nu (TI & LMI), pfa50, Plexus, Prime
EXL, Stride (system rel. 2), Tahoe, Tandem Integrity S2, Tektronix 16000,
Triton 88, Ustation E30 (SS5E), Whitechapel (MG1), & Wicat.

* `es' (SrcCD)

`es' is an extensible shell (based on `rc') with first-class functions,
lexical scope, exceptions, and rich return values (i.e., functions can
return values other than just numbers). `es''s extensibility comes from
the ability to modify and extend the shell's built-in services, such as
path searching and redirection. Like `rc', it is great for both
interactive use and scripting, particularly since its quoting rules are
much less baroque than the C and Bourne shells.

* `enscript' (SrcCD)

`enscript' is an upwardly-compatible replacement for the Adobe
`enscript' program. It formats ASCII files (outputting in Postscript)
and stores generated output to a file or sends it directly to the
printer.

* Exim (SrcCD)

Exim is a new Internet mail transfer agent, similar in style to Smail 3.
It can handle relatively high volume mail systems, header rewriting,
control over which hosts/nets may use it as a relay, blocking of
unwanted mail from specified hosts/nets/senders, and multiple local
domains on one mail host ("virtual domains") with several options for
the way these are handled.

* `f2c' *Also see "Fortran" below & in *Note Forthcoming GNUs::*
(SrcCD)

`f2c' converts Fortran-77 source into C or C++, which can be compiled
with GCC or G++. Get bug fixes by FTP from site `netlib.bell-labs.com'
or by email from `netlib@netlib.bell-labs.com'. For a summary, see the
file `/netlib/f2c/readme.Z'.

* `ffcall' (SrcCD)

`ffcall' is a C library for implementing foreign function calls in
embedded interpreters by Bill Triggs and Bruno Haible. It allows C
functions with arbitrary argument lists and return types to be called or
emulated (callbacks).

* Fileutils (SrcCD)

The Fileutils are: `chgrp', `chmod', `chown', `cp', `dd', `df', `dir',
`dircolors', `du', `install', `ln', `ls', `mkdir', `mkfifo', `mknod',
`mv', `rm', `rmdir', `sync', `touch', & `vdir'.

* Findutils (SrcCD)

`find' is frequently used both interactively and in shell scripts to
find files which match certain criteria and perform arbitrary operations
on them. Also included are `locate', which scans a database for file
names that match a pattern, and `xargs', which applies a command to a
list of files.

* Finger (SrcCD)

GNU Finger has more features than other finger programs. For sites with
many hosts, a single host may be designated as the finger "server" host
and other hosts at that site configured as finger "clients". The server
host collects information about who is logged in on the clients. To
finger a user at a GNU Finger site, a query to any of its client hosts
gets useful information. GNU Finger supports many customization
features, including user output filters and site-programmable output for
special target names.

* `flex' (BinCD, SrcCD) [FSFman, FSFrc]

`flex' is a replacement for the `lex' scanner generator. `flex' was
written by Vern Paxson of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and generates
far more efficient scanners than `lex' does. Sources for the `Flex
Manual' and reference card are included (*note Documentation::.).

* Fortran (`g77') *Also *note Forthcoming GNUs::.* (SrcCD)

GNU Fortran (`g77'), developed by Craig Burley, is available for public
beta testing on the Internet. For now, `g77' produces code that is
mostly object-compatible with `f2c' & uses the same run-time library
(`libf2c').

* Fontutils (SrcCD)

The Fontutils convert between font formats, create fonts for use with
Ghostscript or TeX (starting with a scanned type image & converting the
bitmaps to outlines), etc. It includes: `bpltobzr', `bzrto',
`charspace', `fontconvert', `gsrenderfont', `imageto', `imgrotate',
`limn', & `xbfe'.

* GAWK (SrcCD) [FSFman]

GAWK is upwardly compatible with the latest POSIX specification of
`awk'. It also provides several useful extensions not found in other
`awk' implementations. Texinfo source for the `The GNU Awk User's
Guide' comes with the software (*note Documentation::.).

* `gcal' (SrcCD)

`gcal' is a program for printing calendars. It displays different
styled calendar sheets, eternal holiday lists, and fixed date warning
lists.

* GCC *Also *note GNUs Flashes::.* (BinCD, SrcCD) [FSFman]

Version 2 of the GNU C Compiler supports the languages C, C++, and
Objective-C; the source file name suffix or a compiler option selects
the language. (Also see "GNAT" later in this article for Ada language
supports.) Objective-C support was donated by NeXT. The runtime support
needed to run Objective-C programs is now distributed with GCC (this
does not include any Objective-C classes aside from `object', but see
"GNUstep" in *Note Forthcoming GNUs::). As much as possible, G++ is
kept compatible with the evolving draft ANSI standard, but not with
`cfront' (AT&T's compiler), which has been diverging from ANSI.

GCC is a fairly portable optimizing compiler which performs many
optimizations. They include: automatic register allocation, common
sub-expression elimination (CSE) (including a certain amount of CSE
between basic blocks - though not all the supported machine descriptions
provide for scheduling or delay slots), invariant code motion from
loops, induction variable optimizations, constant propagation, copy
propagation, delayed popping of function call arguments, tail recursion
elimination, integration of inline functions & frame pointer elimination,
instruction scheduling, loop unrolling, filling of delay slots, leaf
function optimization, optimized multiplication by constants, the
ability to assign attributes to instructions, & many local optimizations
automatically deduced from the machine description.

GCC can open-code most arithmetic on 64-bit values (type `long long
int'). It supports extended floating point (type `long double') on the
68k; other machines will follow. GCC supports full ANSI C, traditional
C, & GNU C extensions (including: nested functions support, nonlocal
gotos, & taking the address of a label).

GCC can generate a.out, COFF, ELF, & OSF-Rose files when used with a
suitable assembler. It can produce debugging information in these
formats: BSD stabs, COFF, ECOFF, ECOFF with stabs, & DWARF.

GCC generates code for many CPUs, including the a29k, Alpha, ARM, AT&T,
DSP1610, Clipper, Convex cN, Elxsi, Fujitsu Gmicro, i370, i860, i960,
MIL-STD-1750a, MIPS, ns32k, PDP-11, Pyramid, ROMP, RS/6000, SH, SPUR,
Tahoe, VAX, & we32k.

Position-independent code is generated for the Clipper, Hitachi H8/300,
HP-PA (1.0 & 1.1), i386/i486/Pentium, m68k, m88k, SPARC, & SPARClite.

Operating systems supported include: GNU/Hurd, GNU/Linux, ACIS, AIX, AOS,
BSD, Clix, Concentrix, Ctix, DG/UX, Dynix, FreeBSD, Genix, HP-UX, Irix,
ISC, Luna, LynxOS, Minix, NetBSD, NewsOS, NeXTStep, OS/2, OSF, OSF-Rose,
RISCOS, SCO, Solaris 2, SunOS 4, System/370, SysV, Ultrix, Unos, VMS, &
Windows/NT.

Using the configuration scheme for GCC, building a cross-compiler is as
easy as building a native compiler.

Version 1 of GCC, G++, & libg++ are no longer maintained.

Texinfo source for the `Using and Porting GNU CC' manual is included
with GCC (*note Documentation::.).

* GDB (BinCD, SrcCD) [FSFman, FSFrc]

GDB, the GNU DeBugger, is a source-level debugger for C, C++, & Fortran.
It provides partial support for Modula-2 & Chill.

GDB can debug both C & C++, & will work with executables made by many
different compilers; but, C++ debugging will have some limitations if
you do not use GCC.

GDB has a command line user interface, and Emacs has GDB mode as an
interface. Two X interfaces (not distributed or maintained by the FSF)
are: `gdbtk' (FTP it from `ftp.cygnus.com' in directory `/pub/gdb'); and
`xxgdb' (FTP it from `ftp.x.org' in directory `/contrib/utilities').

Executable files and symbol tables are read via the BFD library, which
allows a single copy of GDB to debug programs with multiple object file
formats (e.g., a.out, COFF, ELF). Other features include a rich command
language, remote debugging over serial lines or TCP/IP, and watchpoints
(breakpoints triggered when the value of an expression changes).

GDB uses a standard remote interface to a simulator library which (so
far) has simulators for the ARM, Hitachi H8/300, Hitachi H8/500, Hitachi
Super-H, PowerPC, WDC 65816, & Zilog Z8001/2.

GDB can perform cross-debugging. To say that GDB "targets" a platform
means it can perform native or cross-debugging for it. To say that GDB
can "host" a given platform means that it can be built on it, but cannot
necessarily debug native programs.

GDB can:

* "target" & "host": Amiga 3000 (Amix, NetBSD), DEC Alpha (OSF/1),
DECstation 3100 & 5000 (Ultrix), HP 9000/300 (BSD, HP-UX), HP
9000/700 (HP-UX 9, 10), i386/i486/Pentium (GNU/Hurd, GNU/Linux,
BSD, FreeBSD, LynxOS, NetBSD, SCO, Windows NT), IBM RS/6000 (AIX
3.x, AIX 4.x, LynxOS), Motorola Delta m88k (System V, CX/UX), PC532
(NetBSD), Motorola m68k MVME-167 (LynxOS), NCR 3000 (SVR4), PowerPC
(AIX 4.x, MacOS, Windows NT), SGI (Irix V3, V4, V5), SONY News
(NewsOS 3.x), SPARC (LynxOS, NetBSD, Solaris 2.x, & SunOS 4.1 )
Sun-3 (SunOS 4.1), & Ultracomputer (a29k running Sym1).

* "target", but not "host": AMD 29000 (COFF & a.out), ARM (RDP),
Hitachi H8/300, Hitachi SH (CMON, SH3, E7000), HP PA Pro (Winbond,
Oki), i386 (a.out, COFF, OS/9000), i960 (MON960, Nindy, VxWorks),
m68k/m68332 (a.out, COFF, CPU32BUG, EST, ROM68K, VxWorks), MIPS
(ELF, IDT ecoff, PMON, VxWorks), PowerPC (PPCBug), Matra Sparclet,
Fujitsu SPARClite (a.out, COFF), WDC 65816, & Z8000.

* "host", but not "target": IBM RT/PC (AIX), HP/Apollo 68k (BSD), &
m68k Apple Macintosh (MacOS). Sources for the manual,
`Debugging with GDB', and a reference card are included (*note
Documentation::.).

* `gdbm' (SrcCD)

`gdbm' is the GNU replacement for the traditional `dbm' and `ndbm'
libraries. It implements a database using quick lookup by hashing.
`gdbm' does not ordinarily make sparse files (unlike its Unix and BSD
counterparts).

* `gettext' *Also *note Help the GNU Translation Project::.* (SrcCD)

The GNU `gettext' tool set has everything maintainers need to
internationalize a package's user messages. Once a package has been
internationalized, `gettext''s many tools help translators localize
messages to their native language and automate handling the translation
files.

* Generic NQS (SrcCD)

Generic NQS is a network queuing system for spreading batch jobs across a
network of machines. It is designed to be simple to install on a
heterogeneous network of machines, and has optimizations for running on
the high end, symmetric multiprocessing servers that are currently on the
market. It is available for many more UNIX variants than any other
comparable product, and inter-operates with other NQS systems, including
Cray's NQE.

* `geomview' *See* `http://www.geom.umn.edu/software/geomview' (SrcCD)

`geomview' is an interactive geometry viewing program, for UNIX systems
with Motif, using X, GL, or OpenGL graphics. It allows multiple
independently controllable objects and cameras. `geomview' provides
interactive control for motion, appearances (including lighting,
shading, and materials), picking on an object, edge or vertex level, and
snapshots in PPM or SGI image files, Postscript, and Renderman RIB
format. `geomview' can be controlled through direct mouse manipulation,
control panels, and keyboard shortcuts. External programs can also
drive desired aspects of the viewer (such as continually loading
changing geometry or controlling the motion of certain objects) while
allowing interactive control of everything else.

* `gforth' (SrcCD)

`gforth' is a fast, portable implementation of the ANS Forth language.

* Ghostscript (SrcCD)

Ghostscript is an interpreter for the Postscript and PDF graphics
languages.

The current version of GNU Ghostscript, 3.33, includes nearly a full
Postscript Level 2 interpreter and a PDF 1.0 interpreter. Significant
new features include: support for anti-aliased characters; the ability
to scan a directory and register all the fonts in it; support for Type 0
(Japanese / Chinese / Korean) fonts; and the ability to compile all the
external initialization files into the executable. This version can
also run as a 32-bit MS Windows application.

Thanks to the generosity of URW++ (Hamburg, Germany), the low-quality
bitmap-derived fonts distributed with older versions have been replaced
with commercial-quality, hinted outline fonts.

Ghostscript executes commands in the Postscript language by writing
directly to a printer, drawing on an X window, or writing to files for
printing later or manipulating with other graphics programs.

Ghostscript includes a C-callable graphics library (for client programs
that do not want to deal with the Postscript language). It also supports
i386/i486/Pentiums running DOS with EGA, VGA or SuperVGA graphics (but
please do *not* ask the FSF staff any questions about this; we do not
use DOS).

* Ghostview (SrcCD)

Tim Theisen, `ghostview@cs.wisc.edu', created Ghostview, a previewer for
multi-page files with an X Window interface. Ghostview & Ghostscript
work together; Ghostview creates a viewing window & Ghostscript draws in
it.

* GIT (SrcCD)

The GNU Interactive Tools package includes: an extensible file system
browser, an ASCII/hex file viewer, a process viewer/killer, & other
related utilities & shell scripts. It can be used to increase the speed
& efficiency of many daily tasks, such as copying & moving files &
directories, invoking editors, compressing/uncompressing files, creating
& expanding archives, compiling programs, sending mail, etc. It looks
nice, has colors (if the standard ANSI color sequences are supported), &
is user-friendly.

* `gmp' (SrcCD)

GNU `mp' is a library for arithmetic on arbitrary precision integers,
rational numbers, and floating-point numbers. It has a rich set of
functions with a regular interface.

A major new release, version 2, came out in Spring '96. Compared to
previous versions, it is much faster, contains lots of new functions, &
has support for arbitrary precision floating-point numbers.

* Gnans (SrcCD)

Gnans is a program (and language) for the numerical study of
deterministic and stochastic dynamical systems. The dynamical systems
may evolve in continuous or discrete time. Gnans has graphical &
command line interfaces.

* GNAT: The GNU Ada Translator (SrcCD)

GNAT, a front end for the entire Ada 95 language, including all special
needs annexes, is available via anonymous FTP from `cs.nyu.edu' and
various mirror sites in `/pub/gnat'. SGI, DEC, and Siemens Nixdorf have
chosen GNU Ada 95 as the Ada compiler for their systems. GNAT is
maintained by Ada Core Technologies. For more information, see
`http://www.gnat.com'.

* GNATS (SrcCD)

GNATS, GNats: A Tracking System, is a bug-tracking system. It is based
upon the paradigm of a central site or organization which receives
problem reports and negotiates their resolution by electronic mail.
Although it has been used primarily as a software bug-tracking system so
far, it is sufficiently generalized that it could be used for handling
system administration issues, project management, or any number of other
applications.

* GNUMATH (`gnussl') (SrcCD)

GNUMATH is a library (`gnussl') that simplifies scientific programming
in C & C++. Its focus is on problems that can be solved by a
straight-forward application of numerical linear algebra. It also
handles plotting. It is in beta release; it is expected to grow more
versatile & offer a wider scope in time.

* `gnuplot' (SrcCD)

`gnuplot' is an interactive program for plotting mathematical
expressions and data. It plots both curves (2 dimensions) & surfaces (3
dimensions). It was neither written nor named for the GNU Project; the
name is a coincidence. Various GNU programs use `gnuplot'.

* `gnuserv' (SrcCD)

`gnuserv' is an enhanced version of Emacs' `emacsclient' program. It
lets the user direct a running Emacs to edit files or evaluate arbitrary
Emacs Lisp constructs from another process.

* GnuGo (SrcCD)

GnuGo plays the game of Go. It is not yet very sophisticated.

* `gperf' (SrcCD)

`gperf' generates perfect hash tables. The C version is in package
cperf. The C++ version is in libg++. Both produce hash functions in
either C or C++.

* Graphics (SrcCD)

GNU Graphics produces x-y plots from ASCII or binary data. It outputs
in Postscript, Tektronix 4010 compatible, and Unix device-independent
"plot" formats. It has a previewer for the X Window System. Features
include a `spline' interpolation program; examples of shell scripts
using `graph' and `plot'; a statistics toolkit; and output in TekniCAD
TDA and ln03 file formats. Email bugs or queries to Rich Murphey,
`Rich@lamprey.utmb.edu'.

* grep (SrcCD)

This package has GNU `grep', `egrep', and `fgrep', which find lines that
match entered patterns. They are much faster than the traditional Unix
versions.

* Groff (SrcCD)

Groff is a document formatting system based on a device-independent
version of `troff', & includes: `eqn', `nroff', `pic', `refer', `tbl',
`troff'; the `man', `ms', & `mm' macros; & drivers for Postscript, TeX
`dvi' format, the LaserJet 4 series of printers, and typewriter-like
devices. Groff's `mm' macro package is almost compatible with the DWB
`mm' macros with several extensions. Also included is a modified
version of the Berkeley `me' macros and an enhanced version of the X11
`xditview' previewer. Written in C++, these programs can be compiled
with GNU C++ Version 2.7.2 or later.

Groff users are encouraged to contribute enhancements. Most needed are
complete Texinfo documentation, a `grap' emulation (a `pic' preprocessor
for typesetting graphs), a page-makeup postprocessor similar to `pm'
(see `Computing Systems', Vol. 2, No. 2; ask `office@usenix.org' how to
get a copy), and an ASCII output class for `pic' to integrate `pic' with
Texinfo. Questions and bug reports from users who have read the
documentation provided with Groff can be sent to
`bug-groff@prep.ai.mit.edu'.

* `gzip' (SrcCD)

`gzip' can expand LZW-compressed files but uses another, unpatented
algorithm for compression which generally produces better results. It
also expands files compressed with System V's `pack' program.

* `hello' (SrcCD)

The GNU `hello' program produces a familiar, friendly greeting. It
allows non-programmers to use a classic computer science tool which would
otherwise be unavailable to them. Because it is protected by the GNU
General Public License, users are free to share and change it. `hello'
is also a good example of a program that meets the GNU coding standards.
Like any truly useful program, `hello' contains a built-in mail reader.

* `hp2xx' (SrcCD)

GNU `hp2xx' reads HP-GL files, decomposes all drawing commands into
elementary vectors, and converts them into a variety of vector and raster
output formats. It is also an HP-GL previewer. Currently supported
vector formats include encapsulated Postscript, Uniplex RGIP, Metafont,
various special TeX-related formats, and simplified HP-GL (line drawing
only) for imports. Raster formats supported include IMG, PBM, PCX, &
HP-PCL (including Deskjet & DJ5xxC support). Previewers work under X11
(Unix), OS/2 (PM & full screen), & MS-DOS (SVGA, VGA, & HGC).

* HylaFAX *Also see* `http://www.vix.com/hylafax/' (SrcCD)

HylaFAX (once named FlexFAX) is a facsimile system for Unix systems. It
supports sending, receiving, & polled retrieval of facsimile, as well as
transparent shared data use of the modem.

* Hyperbole (SrcCD)

Hyperbole, written by Bob Weiner in Emacs Lisp, is an open, efficient,
programmable information management, autonumbered outliner, & hypertext
system, intended for everyday work on any platform Emacs runs on.

* ID Utils (SrcCD)

ID Utils is a package of simple, fast, high-capacity,
language-independent tools that index program identifiers, literal
numbers, or words of human-readable text. Queries can be issued from
the command-line, or from within Emacs, serving as an augmented tags
facility.

* `indent' (SrcCD)

GNU `indent' formats C source code into the GNU, BSD, K&R, or your own
special indentation style. GNU `indent' is more robust & provides more
functionality than other such programs, including handling C++ comments.
It runs on Unix, DOS, VMS and ATARI systems.

The next version will also format C++ source code. A Java version may
be considered in the future.

* Inetutils (SrcCD)

Inetutils has common networking utilities & servers.

This release is mainly support the GNU Hurd, which is source compatible
with BSD in many ways, & will probably only work on systems that are
similarly compatible.

* Ispell (SrcCD)

Ispell is an interactive spell checker that suggests "near misses" to
replace unrecognized words. System & user-maintained dictionaries for
multiple languages can be used. Standalone & Emacs interfaces are
available.

* JACAL *Not available from the FSF except by FTP*

JACAL is a symbolic mathematics system for the manipulation &
simplification of algebraic equations & expressions. It is written in
Scheme using the SLIB portable Scheme Library. JACAL comes with SCM, an
IEEE P1178 & R4RS compliant Scheme implementation written in C. SCM runs
on Amiga, Atari-ST, MacOS, MS-DOS, OS/2, NOS/VE, Unicos, VMS, Unix, &
similar systems.

The FSF is not distributing JACAL on any physical media. You can FTP it
or get it from the Web site below. Documentation is at
`http://www-swiss.ai.mit.edu/~jaffer/JACAL.html'.

* Karma (SrcCD)

Karma is a signal and image processing library and visualization toolkit
that provides interprocess communications, authentication, graphics
display, and user interface to and manipulation of the Karma network
data structure. Several foreign data formats are also supported. Karma
comes packaged with a number of generic visualization tools and some
astronomy-specific tools.

* `less' (SrcCD)

`less' is a display paginator similar to `more' and `pg', but with
various features (such as the ability to scroll backwards) that most
pagers lack.

* Lynx *Also see* `http://www.cc.ukans.edu/about_lynx' (SrcCD)

Lynx is a text-only World Wide Web browser for those running
character-only ("cursor-addressable") terminals or terminal emulators.

* `m4' (SrcCD)

GNU `m4' is an implementation of the traditional Unix macro processor.
It is mostly SVR4 compatible, although it has some extensions (e.g.,
handling more than 9 positional parameters to macros). `m4' also has
built-in functions for including files, running shell commands, doing
arithmetic, etc.

* `make' (BinCD, SrcCD) [FSFman]

GNU `make' supports POSIX 1003.2 and has all but a few obscure features
of the BSD and System V versions of `make', and runs on MS-DOS,
AmigaDOS, VMS, & Windows NT or 95, as well as all Unix-compatible
systems. GNU extensions include long options, parallel compilation,
flexible implicit pattern rules, conditional execution, & powerful text
manipulation functions. Source for the `Make Manual' comes with the
program (*note Documentation::.).

* MandelSpawn (SrcCD)

A parallel Mandelbrot generation program for the X Window System.

* Maxima (SrcCD)

Maxima is a Common Lisp implementation of MIT's Macsyma system for
computer based algebra.

* Meta-HTML (SrcCD)

is a programming language specifically designed for working
within the World Wide Web environment. Although it is a genuine
programming language, suitable for large-scale symbolic manipulation, it
provides the most commonly wanted Web functionality as built-in
primitives, so you don't have to write them.

* Midnight Commander (`mc') (SrcCD)

The Midnight Commander is a user friendly & colorful Unix file manager &
shell, useful to novice & guru alike. It has a built-in virtual file
system that manipulates files inside tar files or files on remote
machines using the FTP protocol. This mechanism is extendable with
external Unix programs.

* Miscellaneous Files Distribution (SrcCD)

The GNU Miscellaneous Files are non-crucial files that are common on
various systems, including word lists, airport codes, ZIP codes etc.

* `mkisofs' (SrcCD)

`mkisofs' is a pre-mastering program to generate an ISO 9660 file system.
It takes a snapshot of a directory tree, and makes a binary image which
corresponds to an ISO 9660 file system when written to a block device.

It can also generate the System Use Sharing Protocol records of the Rock
Ridge Interchange Protocol (used to further describe the files in an ISO
9660 file system to a Unix host; it provides information such as longer
filenames, uid/gid, permissions, and device nodes).

The `mkisofs' program is often used with `cdwrite'. The `cdwrite'
program works by taking the image that `mkisofs' generates and driving a
cdwriter drive to actually burn the disk. `cdwrite' works under
GNU/Linux, and supports popular cdwriter drives. Older versions of
`cdwrite' were included with older versions of `mkisofs';
`sunsite.unc.edu' has the latest version:
`/pub/Linux/utils/disk-management/cdwrite-2.0.tar.gz'.

* `mtools' (SrcCD)

`mtools' is a set of public domain programs to allow Unix systems to
read, write, and manipulate files on an MS-DOS file system (usually a
diskette).

* MULE (SrcCD)

MULE is a MULtilingual Enhancement to GNU Emacs. MULE text buffers can
contain a mix of characters from many languages including: Japanese,
Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, Thai, modern European languages (including
Greek & Russian), Arabic, & Hebrew. MULE also provides input methods
for all of them. MULE is being merged into GNU Emacs. *Note GNU &
Other Free Software in Japan::, for more information about MULE.

* `ncurses' (SrcCD)

`ncurses' implements the Unix `curses' API for developing screen-based
programs that are terminal independent. It is not merely an emulation
of old (BSD) curses/termcap, but is fully compatible with SVR4
curses/terminfo. It includes color, multiple-highlight, & xterm
mouse-event support.

* NetHack (SrcCD)

NetHack is a Rogue-like adventure game supporting character & X displays.

* NIH Class Library (SrcCD)

The NIH Class Library is a set of C++ classes (similar to
Smalltalk-80's) written in C++ by Keith Gorlen of the National Institutes
of Health (NIH).

* `nvi' (SrcCD)

`nvi' is an implementation of the `ex'/`vi' Unix editor. It has all the
functionality of the original `ex'/`vi', except `open' mode & the `lisp'
edit option. Enhancements include multiple buffers, command-line
editing & path completion, integrated Perl5 & Tcl scripting languages,
Cscope support & tag stacks, 8-bit data support, infinite file/line
lengths, infinite undo, language catalogs, incremental search, extended
regular expressions, and security fixes. It uses Autoconf for
configuration and runs on any Unix-like system.

* Oaklisp (SrcCD)

Oaklisp is a fast, portable, object-oriented Scheme with first class
types.

* Objective-C Library (SrcCD)

Our Objective-C Class Library (`gstep-base.tar.gz', `libgnustep-base')
has general-purpose, non-graphical Objective-C objects written by Andrew
McCallum & others. It includes collection classes for maintaining
groups of objects, I/O streams, coders for formatting objects & C types
to streams, ports for network packet transmission, distributed objects
(remote object messaging), string classes, invocations, notifications,
event loops, timers, exceptions, pseudo-random number generators, &
more. It has the base classes for the GNUstep project; all but a few of
them have already been written. Send queries & bugs to
`mccallum@gnu.ai.mit.edu'. See "GNUstep" in *Note Forthcoming GNUs::.

* OBST (SrcCD)

OBST is a persistent object management system with bindings to C++.
OBST supports incremental loading of methods. Its graphical tools
require the X Window System. It features a hands-on tutorial including
sample programs. It compiles with G++, and should install easily on
most Unix platforms.

* Octave *Also see* `http://www.che.wisc.edu/octave' (SrcCD)

Octave does arithmetic for real and complex scalars and matrices, solves
sets of nonlinear algebraic equations, integrates systems of ordinary
differential & differential-algebraic equations, and integrates
functions over finite & infinite intervals. Two- & three-dimensional
plotting is available using `gnuplot'.

Version 2.0 of Octave was released in December '96. It includes support
for dynamically linked functions, user-defined data types, many new
functions, & a completely revised manual. Octave works on most Unix
systems & OS/2. A port to Windows NT/95 is underway.

* Oleo (SrcCD)

Oleo is a spreadsheet program (better for you than the more expensive
spreadsheets). It supports the X Window System and character-based
terminals, and can output Embedded Postscript renditions of spreadsheets.
Keybindings should be familiar to Emacs users and are configurable.
Oleo supports multiple variable-width fonts when used under the X Window
System or outputting to Postscript devices.

* `p2c' (SrcCD)

`p2c' is Dave Gillespie's Pascal-to-C translator. It inputs many
dialects (HP, ISO, Turbo, VAX, etc.) & generates readable,
maintainable, portable C.

* `patch' (SrcCD)

`patch' is our version of Larry Wall's program to take `diff''s output
and apply those differences to an original file to generate the modified
version.

* PCL (SrcCD)

PCL is a free implementation of a large subset of CLOS, the Common Lisp
Object System. It runs under both GCL and CLISP, mentioned above.

* `perl' (SrcCD)

Larry Wall's `perl' combines the features & capabilities of C, `sed',
`awk', & `sh', and provides interfaces to the Unix system calls & many C
library routines.

* `pine' *Also *note Bad News and Good News about Pine::.* (SrcCD)

`pine' is a friendly menu-driven electronic mail manager and user
interface.

* `ptx' *Also *note Forthcoming GNUs::.* (SrcCD)

GNU `ptx' is our version of the traditional permuted index generator.
It handles multiple input files at once, has TeX compatible output, &
outputs readable "KWIC" (KeyWords In Context) indexes without using
`nroff'.

It does not yet handle input files that do not fit in memory all at once.

* `rc' (SrcCD)

`rc' is a shell that features a C-like syntax (much more so than `csh')
and far cleaner quoting rules than the C or Bourne shells. It's
intended to be used interactively, but is also great for writing
scripts. It inspired the shell `es'.

* RCS (SrcCD)

RCS, the Revision Control System, is used for version control &
management of software projects. Used with GNU `diff', RCS can handle
binary files (8-bit data, executables, object files, etc). RCS now
conforms to GNU configuration standards & to POSIX 1003.1b-1993. Also
see the CVS item above.

* `recode' *Also *note Forthcoming GNUs::.* (SrcCD)

GNU `recode' converts files between character sets and usages. When
exact transliterations are not possible, it may delete the offending
characters or fall back on approximations. This program recognizes or
outputs nearly 150 different character sets and is able to transliterate
files between almost any pair. Most RFC 1345 character sets are
supported.

* `regex' (SrcCD)

The GNU regular expression library supports POSIX.2, except for
internationalization features. It is included in many GNU programs which
do regular expression matching & is available separately. An alternate
regular expression package, `rx', is faster than `regex' in many cases;
we were planning to replace `regex' with `rx', but it is not certain
this will happen.

* Roxen (SrcCD)

Roxen is a modularized, object-oriented, non-forking World Wide Web
server with high performance and throughput. It was formerly named
Spinner, but was renamed for trademark reasons.

* `rx' (SrcCD)

Tom Lord has written `rx', a new regular expression library which is
faster than the older GNU `regex' library. It is being distributed with
`sed'. `rx' is also an installation option for `fileutils', `id-utils',
and `textutils', and maybe for future versions of `cpio', `m4' and `ptx'.

* SAOimage (SrcCD)

SAOimage is an X-based astronomical image viewer. It reads array data
images, which may be in specific formats, and displays them with a
pseudocolor colormap. There is full interactive control of the
colormap, panning and zooming, graphical annotation, and cursor tracking
in pixel and sky coordinates, among other features.

* Scheme (SrcCD)

Scheme is a simplified, lexically-scoped dialect of Lisp. It was
designed at MIT and other universities to teach students the art of
programming and to research new parallel programming constructs and
compilation techniques.

We now distribute MIT Scheme 7.3, which conforms to the "Revised^4
Report On the Algorithmic Language Scheme" (MIT AI Lab Memo 848b), for
which TeX source is included. It is written partly in C, but is
presently hard to bootstrap. Binaries to bootstrap it exist for: HP9000
series 300, 400, 700, & 800 (running HP-UX 9.0), NeXT (NeXT OS 2 or 3.2),
DEC Alpha (OSF/1), IBM RS/6000 (AIX), Sun-3 or Sun-4 (SunOS 4.1),
DECstation 3100/5100 (Ultrix 4.0), Sony NeWS-3250 (NEWS OS 5.01), &
Intel i386 (MS-DOS, Windows 3.1 or NT). If your system isn't on this
list & you don't enjoy the bootstrap challenge, see "JACAL" earlier in
this article.

* `screen' (SrcCD)

`screen' is a terminal multiplexer that runs several separate "screens"
(ttys) on a single character-based terminal. Each virtual terminal
emulates a DEC VT100 plus several ISO 2022 and ISO 6429 (ECMA 48, ANSI
X3.64) functions, including color. Arbitrary keyboard input translation
is also supported. `screen' sessions can be detached and resumed later
on a different terminal type. Output in detached sessions is saved for
later viewing.

* `sed' (SrcCD)

`sed' is a stream-oriented version of `ed'. It comes with the `rx'
library.

* Sharutils (SrcCD)

`shar' makes so-called shell archives out of many files, preparing them
for transmission by electronic mail services; `unshar' helps unpack
these shell archives after reception. `uuencode' and `uudecode' are
POSIX compliant implementations of a pair of programs which transform
files into a format that can be safely transmitted across a 7-bit ASCII
link.

* Shellutils (SrcCD)

The Shellutils are: `basename', `chroot', `date', `dirname', `echo',
`env', `expr', `factor', `false', `groups', `hostname', `id', `logname',
`nice', `nohup', `pathchk', `printenv', `printf', `pwd', `seq', `sleep',
`stty', `su', `tee', `test', `true', `tty', `uname', `uptime', `users',
`who', `whoami', & `yes'.

* Shogi (SrcCD)

Shogi is a Japanese game similar to Chess; a major difference is that
captured pieces can be returned into play.

GNU Shogi is a variant of GNU Chess; it implements the same features &
similar heuristics. As a new feature, sequences of partial board
patterns can be introduced to help the program play toward specific
opening patterns. It has both character and X display interfaces.

It is primarily supported by Matthias Mutz on behalf of the FSF.

* SIPP (SrcCD)

SIPP is a library for photorealisticly rendering 3D scenes. Scenes can
be illuminated by an arbitrary number of light sources; they are built up
of object hierarchies, with arbitrarily many subobjects and subsurfaces.
Surfaces can be rendered with either Phong, Gouraud, or flat shading.
The library supports programmable shaders and texture mapping.

* Smail (SrcCD)

Smail is a mail transport system, designed as a compatible drop-in
replacement for `sendmail'. It uses a much simpler configuration format
than `sendmail' and is designed to be setup with minimal effort.

* Smalltalk *Also *note Forthcoming GNUs::.* (SrcCD)

GNU Smalltalk is an interpreted object-oriented programming language
system written in highly portable C. It has been ported to DOS, many
Unix, & other OSes. Features include a binary image save capability,
the ability to call user-written C code with parameters, an Emacs
editing mode, a version of the X protocol invocable from Smalltalk,
optional byte-code compilation and/or execution tracing, & automatically
loaded per-user initialization files. It implements all of the classes
& protocol in the book "Smalltalk-80: The Language", except for the
graphic user interface (GUI) related classes.

* SNePS (SrcCD)

SNePS is the Semantic Network Processing System. It is an
implementation of a fully intensional theory of propositional knowledge
representation and reasoning. SNePS runs under CLISP or GCL.

* Superopt (SrcCD)

Superopt is a function sequence generator that uses an exhaustive
generate-and-test approach to find the shortest instruction sequence for
a given function. You provide a function as input, a CPU to generate
code for, and how many instructions you want. Its use in GCC is
described in the `ACM SIGPLAN PLDI'92 Proceedings'. It supports: SPARC,
m68k, m68020, m88k, IBM POWER and PowerPC, AMD 29k, Intel x86 & 960,
Pyramid, DEC Alpha, Hitachi SH, & HP-PA.

* `stow' (SrcCD)

`stow' manages the installation of software packages, keeping them
separate while making them appear to be installed in the same place.

* `tar' (SrcCD)

GNU `tar' includes multi-volume support, the ability to archive sparse
files, compression/decompression, remote archives, and special features
that allow `tar' to be used for incremental and full backups. GNU `tar'
uses an early draft of the POSIX 1003.1 `ustar' format which is
different from the final version. This will be corrected in the future.

* Termcap Library (SrcCD) [FSFman]

The GNU Termcap library is a drop-in replacement for `libtermcap.a' on
any system. It does not place an arbitrary limit on the size of Termcap
entries, unlike most other Termcap libraries. Included is source for the
`Termcap Manual' in Texinfo format (*note Documentation::.).

* Termutils (SrcCD)

The Termutils package contains programs for controlling terminals.
`tput' is a portable way for shell scripts to use special terminal
capabilities. `tabs' is a program to set hardware terminal tab settings.

* TeX (SrcCD)

TeX is a document formatting system that handles complicated
typesetting, including mathematics. It is GNU's standard text formatter.

The University of Washington maintains & supports a tape distribution of
TeX for Unix systems. The core material is Karl Berry's `web2c' TeX
package. Sources are available via anonymous FTP; retrieval
instructions are in `/pub/tex/unixtex.ftp' on `ftp.cs.umb.edu'. If you
receive any installation support from the University of Washington,
consider sending them a donation.

To order a full distribution written in `tar' on either a 1/4inch
4-track QIC-24 cartridge or a 4mm DAT cartridge, send $210.00 to:

Pierre A. MacKay
Department of Classics
DH-10, Denny Hall 218
University of Washington
Seattle, WA 98195
USA

Electronic-Mail: `mackay@cs.washington.edu'
Telephone: +1-206-543-2268

Please make checks payable to: `University of Washington'. Do not
specify any other payee. That causes accounting problems. Checks must
be in U.S. dollars, drawn on a U.S. bank. Only prepaid orders can be
handled. Overseas sites: please add to the base cost $20.00 to ship via
air parcel post or $30.00 to ship via courier. Please check with the
above for current prices & formats.

* Texinfo (SrcCD) [FSFman]

Texinfo is a set of utilities (`makeinfo', `info', `install-info',
`texi2dvi', `texindex', & `texinfmt.el') which generate printed manuals,
plain ASCII text, & online hypertext documentation (called "Info"), &
can read online Info documents; Info files can also be read in Emacs.
Version 3 has both Emacs Lisp & standalone programs written in C or as
shell scripts. Texinfo mode for Emacs enables easy editing & updating
of Texinfo files. Source for the `Texinfo Manual' is included (*note
Documentation::.).

* Textutils (SrcCD)

The Textutils programs manipulate textual data. They include: `cat',
`cksum', `comm', `csplit', `cut', `expand', `fmt', `fold', `head',
`join', `md5sum', `nl', `od', `paste', `pr', `sort', `split', `sum',
`tac', `tail', `tr', `unexpand', `uniq', and `wc'.

* TIFF library (SrcCD)

The TIFF library, `libtiff', is a library for manipulating Tagged Image
File Format files, a commonly used bitmap graphics format.

* Tile Forth (SrcCD)

Tile Forth is a 32-bit implementation of the Forth-83 standard written
in C, allowing it to be easily ported to new systems & extended with any
C-function (graphics, windowing, etc).

Many documented Forth libraries are available, e.g. top-down parsing,
multi-threads, & object-oriented programming.

* `time' (SrcCD)

`time' reports (usually from a shell) the user, system, & real time used
by a process. On some systems it also reports memory usage, page
faults, etc.

* `ucblogo' (SrcCD)

`ucblogo' implements the classic teaching language, Logo.

* UUCP (SrcCD)

GNU's UUCP system (written by Ian Lance Taylor) supports the `f', `g'
(all window & packet sizes), `v', `G', `t', `e', Zmodem, & two new
bidirectional (`i' & `j') protocols. With a BSD sockets library, it can
make TCP connections. With TLI libraries, it can make TLI connections.
Source is included for a manual (not yet published by the FSF).

* viewfax (SrcCD)

Viewfax is a tool for displaying fax files on an X display. It can
display raw, digifax or tiff/f files, such as those received by HylaFAX.

* W3 (SrcCD)

W3 (written by William Perry in Emacs Lisp) is an extensible, advanced
World Wide Web browser that runs as part of Emacs. It understands many
protocols & file formats: FTP, gopher, HTML, SMTP, Telnet, WAIS, etc.

* `wdiff' (SrcCD)

`wdiff' is a front-end to GNU `diff'. It compares two files, finding
the words deleted or added to the first to make the second. It has many
output formats and works well with terminals and pagers. `wdiff' is
very useful when two texts differ only by a few words and paragraphs
have been refilled.

* `wget' (SrcCD)

`wget' non-interactively retrieves files from the WWW using HTTP & FTP.
It is suitable for use in shell scripts.

* `windows32api' (SrcCD)

`windows32' is a set of header files & import libraries that can be used
by GNU tools for compiling & linking programs to be run on Windows NT/95.

* WN (SrcCD)

WN is a World Wide Web server designed to be secure and flexible. It
offers many different capabilities in pre-parsing files before passing
them to the client, and has a very different design from Apache and the
NCSA server.

* X11 (SrcCD)

We distribute Version 11, Release 6.1 of the X Window System with the
latest patches & bug fixes. X11 includes all of the core software,
documentation, contributed clients, libraries, & toolkits, games, etc.

While supplies last, we will distribute X11R5 on the November 1993
Source Code CD-ROM.

* `xboard' (SrcCD)

`xboard' is a graphical chessboard for X Windows. It can serve as a
user interface to the Crafty or GNU chess programs, the Internet Chess
Servers, e-mail correspondence chess, or games saved in Portable Game
Notation.

* `xgrabsc' (SrcCD)

`xgrabsc' is a screen capture program similar to `xwd' but with a
graphical user interface, more ways of selecting the part of the screen
to capture, & different types of output: Postscript, color Postscript,
xwd, bitmap, pixmap, & puzzle.

* `xinfo' (SrcCD)

`xinfo' is an X-windows program for reading Info files. It uses a
special widget, which is available for use in other programs.

* `xshogi' (SrcCD)

`xshogi' is a graphical Shogi (Japanese Chess) board for the X Window
System. It can serve as a user interface to GNU Shogi, as a referee for
games between two humans, or as a client for the Internet Shogi Server.

* `Ygl' (SrcCD)

`Ygl' emulates a subset of SGI's GL (Graphics Language) library under
X11 on most platforms with an ANSI C compiler (including GCC). It has
most two-dimensional graphics routines, the queue device & query
routines, double buffering, RGB mode with dithering, FORTRAN bindings,
etc.

Program/Package Cross Reference
*******************************

Here is a list of the package each GNU program or library is in. You can FTP
the current list in the file `/pub/gnu/ProgramIndex' from a GNU FTP host
(listed in *Note How to Get GNU Software::).

* 4dview geomview

* a2p perl
* a2x xopt
* ac bsd44
* accton bsd44
* ackpfd phttpd
* acl bsd44
* acm acm
* acms acm
* addbbox geomview
* addftinfo Groff
* adventure bsd44
* afm2tfm TeX
* aid ID Utils
* amd bsd44
* ansitape bsd44
* AnswerGarden xopt
* apply bsd44
* appres xreq
* apropos bsd44
* ar Binutils
* arithmetic bsd44
* arp bsd44
* atc bsd44
* authwn WN
* autoconf Autoconf
* autoheader Autoconf
* automake Automake
* autoreconf Autoconf
* autoscan Autoconf
* autoupdate Autoconf
* auto_box xopt
* auto_box xreq

* b2m Emacs
* backgammon bsd44
* bad144 bsd44
* badsect bsd44
* banner bsd44
* basename Shellutils
* bash BASH
* battlestar bsd44
* bc bc
* bcd bsd44
* bdes bsd44
* bdftops Ghostscript
* beach_ball xopt
* beach_ball xreq
* beach_ball2 xopt
* bibtex TeX
* biff bsd44
* bison Bison
* bitmap xreq
* boggle bsd44
* bpltobzr Fontutils
* bugfiler bsd44
* buildhash Ispell
* bzrto Fontutils

* c++ GCC
* c++filt Binutils
* c2ph perl
* ca100 xopt
* caesar bsd44
* cal bsd44
* calendar bsd44
* canfield bsd44
* cat Textutils
* cbars wdiff
* cc GCC
* cc1 GCC
* cc1obj GCC
* cc1plus GCC
* cccp GCC
* cdwrite mkisofs
* cfengine cfengine
* cgi Spinner
* charspace Fontutils
* checknr bsd44
* chess bsd44
* chflags bsd44
* chgrp Fileutils
* ching bsd44
* chmod Fileutils
* chown Fileutils
* chpass bsd44
* chroot bsd44
* ci RCS
* cksum Textutils
* cktyps g77
* clisp CLISP
* clri bsd44
* cmail xboard
* cmmf TeX
* cmodext xopt
* cmp Diffutils
* co RCS
* col bsd44
* colcrt bsd44
* colrm bsd44
* column bsd44
* comm Textutils
* compress bsd44
* comsat bsd44
* connectd bsd44
* cp Fileutils
* cpicker xopt
* cpio cpio
* cpp GCC
* cppstdin perl
* cribbage bsd44
* crock xopt
* csh bsd44
* csplit Textutils
* ctags Emacs
* ctwm xopt
* cu UUCP
* cut Textutils
* cvs CVS
* cvscheck CVS
* cvtmail Emacs
* cxterm xopt

* d Fileutils
* date Shellutils
* dc bc
* dd Fileutils
* ddd DDD
* defid ID Utils
* delatex TeX
* demangle Binutils
* descend CVS
* detex TeX
* df Fileutils
* dhtppd phttpd
* diff Diffutils
* diff3 Diffutils
* diffpp enscript
* digest-doc Emacs
* dipress bsd44
* dir Fileutils
* dircolors Fileutils
* dirname Shellutils
* dish xopt
* disklabel bsd44
* diskpart bsd44
* dld dld
* dm bsd44
* dmesg bsd44
* doschk doschk
* dox xopt
* du Fileutils
* dump bsd44
* dump mkisofs
* dumpfs bsd44
* dvi2tty TeX
* dvicopy TeX
* dvips TeX
* dvitype TeX

* ecc ecc
* echo Shellutils
* ed ed
* edit-pr GNATS
* editres xreq
* edquota bsd44
* eeprom bsd44
* egrep grep
* eid ID Utils
* emacs Emacs
* emacsclient Emacs
* emacsserver Emacs
* emacstool Emacs
* emu xopt
* enscript enscript
* env Shellutils
* eqn Groff
* error bsd44
* es es
* esdebug es
* etags Emacs
* ex nvi
* example geomview
* exicyclog Exim
* exigrep Exim
* exim Exim
* eximon Exim
* eximon Exim
* eximstats Exim
* exinext Exim
* exiwhat Exim
* expand Textutils
* expect DejaGnu
* expr Shellutils
* exterm xopt

* f2c f2c
* factor bsd44
* fakemail Emacs
* false Shellutils
* fastboot bsd44
* fax2ps HylaFAX
* faxalter HylaFAX
* faxanswer HylaFAX
* faxcover HylaFAX
* faxd HylaFAX
* faxd.recv HylaFAX
* faxmail HylaFAX
* faxquit HylaFAX
* faxrcvd HylaFAX
* faxrm HylaFAX
* faxstat HylaFAX
* fc f2c
* fdraw xopt
* ffe g77
* fgrep grep
* fid ID Utils
* file bsd44
* find Findutils
* find2perl perl
* finger Finger
* fingerd Finger
* fish bsd44
* fixfonts Texinfo
* fixinc.svr4 GCC
* fixincludes GCC
* flex flex
* flex++ flex
* flythrough geomview
* fmt bsd44
* fnid ID Utils
* fold Textutils
* font2c Ghostscript
* fontconvert Fontutils
* forth Tile Forth
* forthicon Tile Forth
* forthtool Tile Forth
* fortune bsd44
* fpr bsd44
* freq Ispell
* freqtbl Ispell
* from bsd44
* fsck bsd44
* fsplit bsd44
* fstat bsd44
* ftp bsd44
* ftp Inetutils
* ftpd bsd44
* ftpd Inetutils

* g++ GCC
* gas Binutils
* gawk GAWK
* gcal gcal
* gcc GCC
* gcore bsd44
* gdb GDB
* genclass libg++
* geomstuff geomview
* gettext gettext
* getty bsd44
* gftodvi TeX
* gftopk TeX
* gftype TeX
* ghostview Ghostview
* gid ID Utils
* ginsu geomview
* git GIT
* gitaction GIT
* gitcmp GIT
* gitkeys GIT
* gitmatch GIT
* gitmount GIT
* gitps GIT
* gitredir GIT
* gitrgrep GIT
* gitview GIT
* gitwipe GIT
* gn GN
* gnans Gnans
* gnanslator Gnans
* gnats GNATS
* gnuchess Chess
* gnuchessc Chess
* gnuchessn Chess
* gnuchessr Chess
* gnuchessx Chess
* gnuclient gnuserv
* gnudoit gnuserv
* gnupdisp Shogi
* gnuplot gnuplot
* gnuplot_x11 gnuplot
* gnuserv gnuserv
* gnushogi Shogi
* gnushogir Shogi
* gnushogix Shogi
* go GnuGo
* gpc xopt
* gpc xreq
* gperf cperf
* gperf libg++
* gprof Binutils
* graffiti geomview
* graph Graphics
* grep grep
* grodvi Groff
* groff Groff
* grops Groff
* grotty Groff
* groups Shellutils
* gs Ghostscript
* gsbj Ghostscript
* gsdj Ghostscript
* gslj Ghostscript
* gslp Ghostscript
* gsnd Ghostscript
* gsrenderfont Fontutils
* gunzip gzip
* gvclock geomview
* gwm xopt
* gzexe gzip
* gzip gzip

* h2ph perl
* h2pl perl
* hack bsd44
* hangman bsd44
* head Textutils
* hello hello
* hexdump bsd44
* hexl Emacs
* hinge geomview
* hostname Shellutils
* hp2xx hp2xx
* hterm xopt
* htmlencode phttpd
* httpd apache
* httpdecode phttpd

* i18nOlwmV2 xopt
* i2mif xopt
* ico xopt
* ico xreq
* id Shellutils
* ident RCS
* ifconfig bsd44
* ifnames Autoconf
* ImageMagick xopt
* imageto Fontutils
* iman xopt
* imgrotate Fontutils
* indent indent
* indxbib Groff
* inetd bsd44
* inetd Inetutils
* info Texinfo
* inimf TeX
* init bsd44
* initex TeX
* inn bsd44
* install Fileutils
* iostat bsd44
* isodiag mkisofs
* isodump mkisofs
* ispell Ispell
* ixterm xopt
* ixx xopt

* join Textutils
* jot bsd44
* jove bsd44

* kdestroy bsd44
* kdump bsd44
* kermit bsd44
* kgames xopt
* kgmon bsd44
* kill bsd44
* kinit bsd44
* kinput2 xopt
* klist bsd44
* kpasswdd bsd44
* ksrvtgt bsd44
* kterm xopt
* ktrace bsd44

* lam bsd44
* larn bsd44
* lasergnu gnuplot
* last bsd44
* lastcomm bsd44
* latex TeX
* lclock xopt
* ld Binutils
* leave bsd44
* less less
* lesskey less
* libavcall.a ffcall
* libbfd.a Binutils
* libbfd.a GDB
* libbzr.a Fontutils
* libc.a C Library
* libcompat.a bsd44
* libcurses.a bsd44
* libcurses.a ncurses
* libdcurses.a ncurses
* libedit.a bsd44
* libF77.a f2c
* libF77.a g77
* libg++.a libg++
* libgdbm.a gdbm
* libgf.a Fontutils
* libgmp.a gmp
* libgnanslib.a Gnans
* libgnussl.a gnussl
* libI77.a f2c
* libI77.a g77
* libkvm.a bsd44
* libm.a bsd44
* libncurses.a ncurses
* libnihcl.a NIHCL
* libnihclmi.a NIHCL
* libnihclvec.a NIHCL
* libnls.a xreq
* libobjects.a libobjects
* liboctave.a Octave
* liboldX.a xreq
* libpbm.a Fontutils
* libPEXt.a xopt
* libpk.a Fontutils
* libresolv.a bsd44
* librpc.a bsd44
* libsipp.a SIPP
* libtcl.a DejaGnu
* libtelnet.a bsd44
* libterm.a bsd44
* libtermcap.a Termcap
* libtfm.a Fontutils
* libtiff.a tiff
* libutil.a bsd44
* libvacall.a ffcall
* libWc.a xopt
* libwidgets.a Fontutils
* libX.a xreq
* libXau.a xreq
* libXaw.a xreq
* libXcp.a xopt
* libXcu.a xopt
* libXdmcp.a xreq
* libXmp.a xopt
* libXmu.a xreq
* libXO.a xopt
* libXop.a xopt
* libXp.a xopt
* libXpex.a xopt
* libXt.a xopt
* libXt.a xreq
* libXwchar.a xopt
* liby.a bsd44
* libYgl.a Ygl
* lid ID Utils
* limn Fontutils
* listres xopt
* listres xreq
* lkbib Groff
* ln Fileutils
* locate Findutils
* lock bsd44
* logcvt-ip2n phttpd
* logger bsd44
* login bsd44
* logname Shellutils
* logo ucblogo
* lookbib Groff
* lorder bsd44
* lpr bsd44
* ls Fileutils
* lynx lynx

* m4 m4
* mail bsd44
* mail-files Sharutils
* mailq smail
* mailshar Sharutils
* make make
* make-docfile Emacs
* make-path Emacs
* makeindex TeX
* makeinfo Texinfo
* MakeTeXPK TeX
* man bsd44
* man-macros Groff
* maniview geomview
* mattrib mtools
* maze xopt
* maze xreq
* mazewar xopt
* mc mc
* mcd mtools
* mcopy mtools
* mcserv mc
* md5sum Textutils
* mdel mtools
* mdir mtools
* me-macros Groff
* medit2gv geomview
* merge RCS
* mesg bsd44
* mf TeX
* mformat mtools
* mft TeX
* mgdiff xopt
* mh bsd44
* mille bsd44
* mkafmmap enscript
* mkcache GN
* mkdep bsd44
* mkdir Fileutils
* mkfifo Fileutils
* mkid ID Utils
* mkisofs mkisofs
* mklocale bsd44
* mkmanifest mtools
* mkmf bsd44
* mkmodules CVS
* mknod Fileutils
* mkstr bsd44
* mlabel mtools
* mm-macros Groff
* mmd mtools
* monop bsd44
* more bsd44
* morse bsd44
* mount bsd44
* mountd bsd44
* movemail Emacs
* mprof bsd44
* mrd mtools
* mread mtools
* mren mtools
* ms-macros Groff
* msgcmp gettext
* msgfmt gettext
* msgmerge gettext
* msgs bsd44
* msgunfmt gettext
* mst Smalltalk
* mt cpio
* mterm xopt
* mtree bsd44
* mtype mtools
* mule MULE
* muncher xopt
* mv Fileutils
* mvdir Fileutils
* mwrite mtools

* NDview geomview
* nethack NetHack
* netstat bsd44
* newfs bsd44
* nfsd bsd44
* nfsiod bsd44
* nfsstat bsd44
* nice Shellutils
* nl Textutils
* nlmconv Binutils
* nm Binutils
* nohup Shellutils
* nose geomview
* notify HylaFAX
* nroff Groff
* number bsd44

* objc GCC
* objcopy Binutils
* objdump Binutils
* objective-c GCC
* obst-boot OBST
* obst-CC OBST
* obst-cct OBST
* obst-cgc OBST
* obst-cmp OBST
* obst-cnt OBST
* obst-cpcnt OBST
* obst-csz OBST
* obst-dir OBST
* obst-dmp OBST
* obst-gen OBST
* obst-gsh OBST
* obst-init OBST
* obst-scp OBST
* obst-sil OBST
* obst-stf OBST
* oclock xreq
* octave Octave
* od Textutils
* oleo Oleo
* ora-examples xopt

* p2c p2c
* pagesize bsd44
* palette xopt
* pascal bsd44
* passwd bsd44
* paste Textutils
* patch patch
* patgen TeX
* pathalias bsd44
* pathchk Shellutils
* pathto smail
* pax bsd44
* pbmplus xopt
* perl perl
* pfbtops Groff
* phantasia bsd44
* phttpd phttpd
* pic Groff
* pico pine
* pig bsd44
* pine pine
* ping bsd44
* pixedit xopt
* pixmap xopt
* pktogf TeX
* pktype TeX
* plaid xopt
* plot2fig Graphics
* plot2plot Graphics
* plot2ps Graphics
* plot2tek Graphics
* pltotf TeX
* pollrcvd HylaFAX
* pom bsd44
* pooltype TeX
* portmap bsd44
* ppt bsd44
* pr Textutils
* pr-addr GNATS
* pr-edit GNATS
* primes bsd44
* printenv Shellutils
* printf Shellutils
* protoize GCC
* proxygarb Spinner
* ps bsd44
* ps2ascii Ghostscript
* ps2epsi Ghostscript
* ps2fax HylaFAX
* psbb Groff
* pstat bsd44
* psycho xopt
* ptester phttpd
* ptx ptx
* pubdic+ xopt
* puzzle xopt
* puzzle xreq
* pwd Shellutils
* pyramid xopt

* query-pr GNATS
* quiz bsd44
* quot bsd44
* quota bsd44
* quotacheck bsd44
* quotaon bsd44

* rain bsd44
* random bsd44
* ranlib Binutils
* rbootd bsd44
* rc rc
* rcp bsd44
* rcp Inetutils
* rcs RCS
* rcs-to-cvs CVS
* rcs2log Emacs
* rcsdiff RCS
* rcsfreeze RCS
* rcsmerge RCS
* rdist bsd44
* reboot bsd44
* recode recode
* recvstats HylaFAX
* red ed
* refer Groff
* remsync Sharutils
* renice bsd44
* repquota bsd44
* restore bsd44
* rev bsd44
* rexecd bsd44
* rexecd Inetutils
* rlog RCS
* rlogin bsd44
* rlogin Inetutils
* rlogind bsd44
* rlogind Inetutils
* rm Fileutils
* rmail bsd44
* rmdir Fileutils
* rmt cpio
* rmt tar
* robots bsd44
* rogue bsd44
* route bsd44
* routed bsd44
* rr xopt
* rs bsd44
* rsh bsd44
* rsh Inetutils
* rshd bsd44
* rshd Inetutils
* rsmtp smail
* runq smail
* runtest DejaGnu
* runtest.exp DejaGnu
* ruptime bsd44
* rwho bsd44
* rwhod bsd44

* s2p perl
* sail bsd44
* saoimage SAOimage
* savecore bsd44
* sc bsd44
* sccs bsd44
* sccs2rcs CVS
* scdisp xopt
* screen screen
* script bsd44
* scsiformat bsd44
* sctext xopt
* sdiff Diffutils
* sed sed
* send-pr GNATS
* sendfax HylaFAX
* sendmail bsd44
* sgi2fax HylaFAX
* sgn GN
* sh bsd44
* shar Sharutils
* shinbun xopt
* shogi Shogi
* showfont xopt
* showmount bsd44
* shutdown bsd44
* size Binutils
* sj3 xopt
* sjxa xopt
* slattach bsd44
* sleep Shellutils
* sliplogin bsd44
* smail smail
* smtpd smail
* snake bsd44
* snftobdf xopt
* soelim Groff
* sort Textutils
* sos2obst OBST
* spider xopt
* split Textutils
* startslip bsd44
* stereo geomview
* stf OBST
* strings Binutils
* strip Binutils
* stty Shellutils
* su Shellutils
* sum Textutils
* superopt Superopt
* swapon bsd44
* sweep geomview
* sync bsd44
* sysctl bsd44
* syslog Inetutils
* syslogd bsd44
* syslogd Inetutils
* systat bsd44

* tabs Termutils
* tac Textutils
* tackdown geomview
* tail Textutils
* taintperl perl
* talk bsd44
* talk Inetutils
* talkd bsd44
* talkd Inetutils
* tangle TeX
* tar tar
* tbl Groff
* tcal gcal
* tcl DejaGnu
* tclsh DejaGnu
* tcopy bsd44
* tcp Emacs
* tee Shellutils
* tek2plot Graphics
* telnet bsd44
* telnet Inetutils
* telnetd bsd44
* telnetd Inetutils
* test Shellutils
* test-g++ DejaGnu
* test-tool DejaGnu
* tetris bsd44
* tex TeX
* tex3patch Texinfo
* texi2dvi Texinfo
* texindex Texinfo
* texspell TeX
* textfmt HylaFAX
* tfmtodit Groff
* tftopl TeX
* tftp bsd44
* tftp Inetutils
* tftpd bsd44
* tftpd Inetutils
* tgrind TeX
* time time
* timed bsd44
* timer Emacs
* timex xopt
* tip bsd44
* tkpostage xopt
* tn3270 bsd44
* togeomview geomview
* touch Fileutils
* tput Termutils
* tr Textutils
* traceroute bsd44
* transcript HylaFAX
* transfig xopt
* transformer geomview
* trek bsd44
* trigrp geomview
* trn3 bsd44
* troff Groff
* trpt bsd44
* trsp bsd44
* true Shellutils
* tset bsd44
* tsort bsd44
* tty Shellutils
* ttygnans Gnans
* tunefs bsd44
* tupdate gettext
* tvtwm xopt
* twm xreq

* ul bsd44
* ulpc Spinner
* umount bsd44
* uname Shellutils
* uncompress gzip
* unexpand Textutils
* unifdef bsd44
* unify wdiff
* uniq Textutils
* unprotoize GCC
* unshar Sharutils
* unvis bsd44
* update bsd44
* updatedb Findutils
* users Shellutils
* uuchk UUCP
* uucico UUCP
* uuconv UUCP
* uucp UUCP
* uucpd bsd44
* uucpd Inetutils
* uudecode Sharutils
* uudir UUCP
* uuencode Sharutils
* uulog UUCP
* uuname UUCP
* uupath smail
* uupick UUCP
* uurate UUCP
* uusched UUCP
* uustat UUCP
* uuto UUCP
* uux UUCP
* uuxqt UUCP

* v Fileutils
* vacation bsd44
* vandal xopt
* vcdiff Emacs
* vdir Fileutils
* vftovp TeX
* vgrind bsd44
* vi nvi
* viewres xopt
* viewres xreq
* vine xopt
* vipw bsd44
* virmf TeX
* virtex TeX
* vis bsd44
* vmstat bsd44
* vptovf TeX

* w bsd44
* waisgn GN
* wakeup Emacs
* wall bsd44
* wargames bsd44
* wc Textutils
* wdiff wdiff
* weave TeX
* what bsd44
* whatis bsd44
* whereis bsd44
* who Shellutils
* whoami Shellutils
* whois bsd44
* window bsd44
* winterp xopt
* wish DejaGnu
* wn WN
* wndex WN
* worm bsd44
* worms bsd44
* write bsd44
* wump bsd44

* x11perf xreq
* x2p perl
* xalarm xopt
* xancur xopt
* xargs Findutils
* xauth xreq
* xbfe Fontutils
* xbiff xopt
* xbiff xreq
* xboard xboard
* xboing xopt
* xbuffy3 xopt
* xcalc xopt
* xcalc xreq
* xcalendar xopt
* xcdplayer xopt
* xcell xopt
* xclipboard xreq
* xclock xreq
* xcmdmenu xopt
* xcms xopt
* xcmsdb xreq
* xcmstest xreq
* xco xopt
* xcolorize xopt
* xcolors xopt
* xconsole xreq
* xcrtca xopt
* xdaliclock xopt
* xdiary xopt
* xditview Groff
* xditview xopt
* xditview xreq
* xdm xreq
* xdpyinfo xreq
* xdu xopt
* xdvi TeX
* xdvi xopt
* xdvorak xopt
* xearth xopt
* xed xopt
* xedit xopt
* xedit xreq
* xev xopt
* xev xreq
* xexit xopt
* xeyes xopt
* xeyes xreq
* xfd xreq
* xfed xopt
* xfedor xopt
* xfeoak xopt
* xferstats HylaFAX
* xfig xopt
* xfontsel xopt
* xfontsel xreq
* xforecast xopt
* xgas xopt
* xgas xreq
* xgc xopt
* xgc xreq
* xgettext gettext
* xhearts xopt
* xhelp xopt
* xhost xreq
* xinit xreq
* xkeycaps xopt
* xkill xreq
* xlax xopt
* xlayout xopt
* xlbiff xopt
* xless xopt
* xload xopt
* xload xreq
* xlogin xopt
* xlogo xreq
* xlsatoms xreq
* xlsclients xreq
* xlsfonts xreq
* xmag xreq
* xmail xopt
* xmailbox xopt
* xmailwatcher xopt
* xman xopt
* xman xreq
* xmandel xopt
* xmessage xopt
* xmeter xopt
* xmh xreq
* xmh-icons xopt
* xmh.editor xopt
* xmodmap xreq
* xmon xopt
* xmove xopt
* xmphone xopt
* xpd xopt
* xphoon xopt
* xpipeman xopt
* xplot Graphics
* xpostit xopt
* xpr xopt
* xpr xreq
* xprompt xopt
* xproof xopt
* xprop xreq
* xpserv xopt
* xrdb xreq
* xrefresh xreq
* xrsh xopt
* xrubik xopt
* xrunclient xopt
* xscope xopt
* xscreensaver xopt
* xsession xopt
* xset xreq
* xsetroot xreq
* xshogi xshogi
* xstdcmap xreq
* xstr bsd44
* xtalk xopt
* xterm xreq
* xterm_color xopt
* xtetris xopt
* xTeXcad.13 xopt
* xtiff xopt
* xtokid ID Utils
* xtree xopt
* xtv xopt
* xwd xreq
* xwininfo xreq
* xwud xreq

* yacc bsd44
* yes Shellutils
* youbin xopt
* yow Emacs

* zcat gzip
* zcmp gzip
* zdiff gzip
* zforce gzip
* zgrep gzip
* zmore gzip
* znew gzip

* [ Shellutils

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

*...imagine how little used calculus would have been if a court had
decided that no one could study, use, or do research on it without
paying a royalty to Newton's designated heirs.*

- The Independent, October 5, 1992

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

The Deluxe Distribution
***********************

The Free Software Foundation has been asked repeatedly to create a package
that provides executables for all of our software. Normally we offer only
sources. The Deluxe Distribution provides binaries with the source code and
includes six T-shirts, all our CD-ROMs, printed manuals, & reference cards.

The FSF Deluxe Distribution contains the binaries and sources to hundreds of
different programs including Emacs, the GNU C/C++ Compiler, the GNU Debugger,
the complete X Window System, and all the GNU utilities.

We will make a Deluxe Distribution for most machines/operating systems. We
may be able to send someone to your office to do the compilation, if we can't
find a suitable machine here. However, we can only compile the programs that
already support your chosen machine/system - porting is a separate matter.
(To commission a port, see the GNU Service Directory; details in *Note Free
Software Support::.) Compiling all these programs takes time; a Deluxe
Distribution for an unusual machine will take longer to produce than one for
a common machine. Please contact the FSF Office with any questions.

We supply the software on a write-once CD-ROM (in ISO 9660 format with "Rock
Ridge" extensions), or on one of these tapes in Unix `tar' format: 1600 or
6250bpi 1/2in reel, Sun DC300XLP 1/4in cartridge - QIC24, IBM RS/6000 1/4in
c.t. - QIC 150, Exabyte 8mm c.t., or DAT 4mm c.t. If your computer cannot
read any of these, please contact us to see if we can handle your format.

The manuals included are one each of `Bison', `Calc', `GAWK', `GCC', `GNU C
Library', `GDB', `Flex', `GNU Emacs Lisp Reference', `Programming in Emacs
Lisp: An Introduction', `Make', `Texinfo', & `Termcap' manuals; six copies of
the `GNU Emacs' manual; and ten reference cards each for Emacs, Bison, Calc,
Flex, & GDB.

Every Deluxe Distribution also has a copy of the latest editions of our
CD-ROMs that have sources of our software & compiler tool binaries for some
systems. The CDs are in ISO 9660 format with Rock Ridge extensions.

The price of the Deluxe Distribution is $5000 (shipping included). These
sales provide enormous financial assistance to help the FSF develop more free
software. To order, please fill out the "Deluxe Distribution" section on the
*note Free Software Foundation Order Form::. and send it to:

Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place - Suite 330
Boston, MA 02111-1307
USA

Telephone: +1-617-542-5942
Fax (including Japan): +1-617-542-2652
Electronic Mail: gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu
World Wide Web: http://www.gnu.ai.mit.edu

CD-ROMs
*******

We offer these CD-ROMs:

* Several editions of our *Note Source Code CD-ROMs::.

* January 1997 *Note Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM::.

* December 1995 Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM, see the *note Free
Software Foundation Order Form::.

* December 1994 Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM, see the *note Free
Software Foundation Order Form::.

* December 1993 Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM, see the *note Free
Software Foundation Order Form::.

Our CDs are in ISO 9660 format & can be mounted as a read-only file system on
most computers. If your driver supports it, you can mount each CD with "Rock
Ridge" extensions & it will look like a regular Unix file system, rather than
one full of truncated & otherwise mangled names that fit vanilla ISO 9660.

You can build most of the software without copying the sources off the CD.
You only need enough disk space for object files and intermediate build
targets.

Pricing of the GNU CD-ROMs
--------------------------

If a business or organization is ultimately paying, the January 1997 Source CD
set costs $240. The set costs $60 if you, an individual, are paying out of
your own pocket. The January 1997 Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM costs $220
for a business or organization, and $55 for an individual.

What Do the Different Prices Mean?
..................................

The software on our disks is free; anyone can copy it and anyone can run it.
What we charge for is the physical disk and the service of distribution.

We charge two different prices depending on who is buying. When a company or
other organization buys the January 1997 Source CD-ROMs, we charge $240.
When an individual buys the same CD-ROMs, we charge just $60. This
distinction is not a matter of who is allowed to use the software. In either
case, once you have a copy, you can distribute as many copies as you wish and
there's no restriction on who can have or run them. The price distinction is
entirely a matter of what kind of entity pays for the CDs.

You, the reader, are certainly an individual, not a company. If you are
buying a disk "in person", then you are probably doing so as an individual.
But if you expect to be reimbursed by your employer, then the disk is really
for the company; so please pay the company price and get reimbursed for it.
We won't try to check up on you--we use the honor system--so please cooperate.

Buying CDs at the company price is very helpful for GNU; just
150 Source CDs at that price support an FSF programmer or tech writer for a
year.

Why Is There an Individual Price?
.................................

In the past, our distribution tapes were ordered mainly by companies. The CD
at the price of $240 provides them with all of our software for a much lower
price than they would previously have paid for six different tapes. To lower
the price more would cut into the FSF's funds very badly and decrease the
software development we can do.

However, for individuals, $240 is too high a price; hardly anyone could
afford that. So we decided to make CDs available to individuals at the lower
price of $60.

Is There a Maximum Price?
.........................

Our stated prices are minimum prices. Feel free to pay a higher price if you
wish to support GNU development more. The sky's the limit; we will accept as
high a price as you can offer. Or simply give a donation (tax-deductible in
the U.S.) to the Free Software Foundation, a tax-exempt public charity.

January 1997 Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM
-------------------------------------------

The fourth edition of our CD-ROM that has binaries and complete sources for
GNU compiler tools for some systems which lack a compiler, will be available
at the end of January 1997. This enables the people who use these systems to
compile GNU and other free software without having to buy a proprietary
compiler. You can also use these GNU tools to compile your own
C/C++/Objective-C programs. Older editions of this CD are available while
supplies last at a reduced price; see the *note Free Software Foundation
Order Form::.

We hope to have more systems on each update of this CD. If you can help
build binaries for new systems (especially those that don't come with a C
compiler), or have one to suggest, please contact us at the addresses on the
top menu.

These packages:

* DJGPP
* GCC/G++/Objective-C
* GNU C Library
* GDB
* Binutils
* Bison
* Emacs (MS-DOS only)
* Flex
* Make
* libg++

On these platforms:

* `i386-msdos'
* `hppa1.1-hp-hpux9'
* `hppa1.1-hp-hpux10'
* `powerpc-ibm-aix4.2'
* `sparc-sun-solaris2.4'
* `sparc-sun-solaris2.5'
* `sparc-sun-sunos4.1'

Source Code CD-ROMs
-------------------

We have several versions of our Source Code CD-ROMs available, including:

* *Note January 1997 Source Code CD-ROMs::, the newest release, has
programs, bug fixes, & improvements not on the other CDs.

* *Note July 1996 Source Code CD-ROMs::.

* December 1995 Source Code CD-ROMs, see the *note Free Software
Foundation Order Form::.

* June 1995 Source Code CD-ROM, see the *note Free Software Foundation
Order Form::.

* May 1994 Source Code CD-ROM, see the *note Free Software Foundation
Order Form::.

* November 1993 Source Code CD-ROM, see the *note Free Software Foundation
Order Form::.

* May 1993 Source Code CD-ROM, see the *note Free Software Foundation
Order Form::.

* October 1992 Source Code CD-ROM, see the *note Free Software Foundation
Order Form::.

The older Source CDs are available while supplies last at a reduced price
(please note that the December 1994 Source CD is permanently out of stock).
All the Source CDs have Texinfo source for the GNU manuals listed in *Note
Documentation::.

MIT Scheme & much of X11 is *not* on the older Source CDs.

There are no precompiled programs on these Source CDs. You will need a C
compiler (programs which need some other interpreter or compiler normally
provide the C source for a bootstrapping program). We ship C compiler
binaries for some systems on the *Note Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM::.

January 1997 Source Code CD-ROMs
................................

The 9th edition of our Source Code CD will be available at the end of January
1997 with two CD-ROM disks. It has programs, bug fixes, & improvements not
on the older Source CDs. It has these packages, & some manuals that are not
part of packages. The version number of each package listed might be higher
on the 9th edition CD due to new releases being made between now and then.

* acm 4.7
* apache 1.2b2
* Autoconf 2.12
* Automake 1.0
* BASH 1.14.7
* bc 1.03
* Binutils 2.7
* Bison 1.25
* C Library 2.0
* Calc 2.02f
* cfengine 1.3.17a
* Chess 4.0.pl77
* CLISP 1996.05.30
* Common Lisp 2.2
* cperf 2.1a
* cpio 2.4.2
* CVS 1.9
* DejaGnu 1.3
* Diffutils 2.7
* dld 3.3
* doschk 1.1
* ed 0.2
* Elib 1.0
* elisp archive
* Emacs 18.59
* Emacs 19.34
* enscript 1.4.0
* es 0.84
* Exim 1.59
* f2c 1996.09.25
* ffcall 1.1
* Fileutils 3.14
* Findutils 4.1
* Finger 1.37
* flex 2.5.4
* Fontutils 0.6
* g77 0.5.19
* GAWK 3.0.1
* gcal 2.10
* GCC/G++/Objective-C 2.7.2.1
* GDB 4.16
* gdbm 1.7.3
* Generic NQS 3.50.2
* geomview 1.6.1
* gettext 0.10
* gforth 0.2.0
* Ghostscript 3.33
* Ghostview 1.5
* Ghostview for Windows 1.0
* GIT 4.3.14
* gmp 2.0.2
* GN 2.24
* Gnans 1.5.1
* gnat 3.05
* GNATS 3.2
* GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual 1.03
* GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual 2.4.2
* GnuGo 1.2
* gnuplot 3.5
* gnuserv 2.1alpha
* gnussl 0.2.1
* Graphics 0.17
* grep 2.0
* Groff 1.10
* gzip 1.2.4
* hello 1.3
* hp2xx 3.1.4
* HylaFAX 4.0b018
* Hyperbole 4.01
* ID Utils 3.2
* indent 1.9.1
* Inetutils 1.2
* Ispell 3.1.20
* karma 1.6
* less 321
* libg++ 2.7.2
* libobjects 0.1.19
* lynx 2.6
* m4 1.4
* make 3.75
* MandelSpawn 0.07
* maxima 5.2
* mc 3.2.1
* 5.01
* miscfiles 1.0
* mkisofs 1.05GNU
* mm 1.07
* mtools 3.0
* MULE 2.3
* ncurses 1.9.9e
* NetHack 3.2.1
* NIHCL 3.1.4
* nvi 1.76
* Oaklisp 930720
* OBST 3.4.3
* Octave 2.0
* Oleo 1.6
* p2c 1.20
* patch 2.1
* perl 4.036
* perl 5.003
* phttpd 0.99.72.1
* pine 3.91
* Programming in Emacs Lisp an Introduction 1.04
* ptx 0.4
* rc 1.4
* RCS 5.7
* readline 2.0
* recode 3.4
* regex 0.12
* rx 1.4
* SAOimage 1.19
* screen 3.7.2
* sed 2.05
* Sharutils 4.2
* Shellutils 1.14
* Shogi 1.2p03
* SIPP 3.1
* smail 3.2
* Smalltalk 1.1.5
* Roxen 1.0
* stow 1.3.2
* Superopt 2.5
* tar 1.11.8
* Termcap 1.3
* Termutils 2.0
* TeX 3.145
* Texinfo 3.9
* Textutils 1.20
* tiff 3.4b035
* Tile Forth 2.1
* time 1.7
* ucblogo 3.4
* UUCP 1.06.1
* W3 2.2.26
* wdiff 0.5
* wget 1.4.2
* windows32api 0.1.2
* WN 1.17.1
* X11R6.3
* xboard 3.4.pl1
* xgrabsc 2.41
* xinfo 1.01.01
* xshogi 1.2p03
* Ygl 3.1

July 1996 Source Code CD-ROMs
.............................

We still have copies of the 8th edition of our Source CD with two CD-ROM
disks. It has these packages, & some manuals that are not part of packages:

* acm 4.7
* apache 1.1
* Autoconf 2.10
* Automake 1.0
* BASH 1.14.6
* bc 1.03
* Binutils 2.7
* Bison 1.25
* C Library 1.93
* Calc 2.02d
* cfengine 1.3.7
* Chess 4.0.pl77
* CLISP 1996.05.30
* Common Lisp 2.2
* cperf 2.1a
* cpio 2.4.2
* CVS 1.8.1
* DejaGnu 1.3
* Diffutils 2.7
* dld 3.3
* doschk 1.1
* ed 0.2
* Elib 1.0
* elisp archive
* Emacs 18.59
* Emacs 19.31
* Emacs 19.32
* enscript 1.4.0
* es 0.84
* Exim 0.53
* f2c 1996.07.23
* ffcall 1.0
* Fileutils 3.13
* Findutils 4.1
* Finger 1.37
* flex 2.5.3
* Fontutils 0.6
* g77 0.5.18
* GAWK 3.0.0
* gcal 1.01
* GCC/G++/Objective-C 2.7.2
* GCC 2.7.2.1
* GDB 4.16
* gdbm 1.7.3
* Generic NQS 3.50.0
* geomview 1.5.0
* gettext 0.10
* Ghostscript 3.33
* Ghostview 1.5
* Ghostview for Windows 1.0
* GIT 4.3.11
* gmp 2.0.2
* GN 2.24
* Gnans 1.5.1
* gnat 3.05
* GNATS 3.2
* GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual 1.03
* GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual 2.4
* GnuGo 1.2
* gnuplot 3.5
* gnuserv 2.1alpha
* gnussl 0.2
* Graphics 0.17
* grep 2.0
* Groff 1.10
* gzip 1.2.4
* hello 1.3
* hp2xx 3.1.4
* HylaFAX 4.0b018
* ID Utils 3.1
* indent 1.9.1
* Inetutils 1.0
* Ispell 3.1.20
* karma 1.4
* less 321
* libg++ 2.7.2
* libobjects 0.1.19
* lynx 2.5
* m4 1.4
* make 3.75
* MandelSpawn 0.07
* maxima 5.2
* mc 3.2.1
* miscfiles 1.0
* mkisofs 1.05GNU
* mm 1.07
* mtools 3.0
* MULE 2.3
* ncurses 1.9.9e
* NetHack 3.2.1
* NIHCL 3.1.4
* nvi 1.71
* Oaklisp 930720
* OBST 3.4.3
* Octave 1.1.1
* Oleo 1.6
* p2c 1.20
* patch 2.1
* perl 4.036
* perl 5.003
* phttpd 0.99.72.1
* pine 3.91
* Programming in Emacs Lisp an Introduction 1.04
* ptx 0.4
* rc 1.4
* RCS 5.7
* readline 2.0
* regex 0.12
* rx 1.0
* SAOimage 1.18
* screen 3.7.1
* sed 2.05
* Sharutils 4.2
* Shellutils 1.12
* Shogi 1.2p03
* SIPP 3.1
* smail 3.2
* Smalltalk 1.1.1
* Spinner 1.0b14
* Superopt 2.5
* tar 1.11.8
* Termcap 1.3
* Termutils 2.0
* TeX 3.145
* Texinfo 3.7
* Textutils 1.19
* tiff 3.4b035
* Tile Forth 2.1
* time 1.7
* ucblogo 3.3
* UUCP 1.06.1
* W3 2.2.26
* wdiff 0.5
* WN 1.15.3
* X11R6.3
* xboard 3.4.pl1
* xgrabsc 2.41
* xshogi 1.2p03
* Ygl 3.1

CD-ROM Subscription Service
***************************

Our subscription service enables you to stay current with the latest GNU
developments. For a one-time cost equivalent to three Source CD-ROMs (plus
shipping in some cases), we will ship you four new versions of the *Note
Source Code CD-ROMs::. The CD-ROMs are sent as they are issued (currently
twice a year, but we hope to make it more frequent). We do not yet know if
we will be offering subscriptions to the Compiler Tools Binaries CD.

A subscription is an easy way to keep up with the regular bug fixes to the X
Window System. Each edition of the *Note Source Code CD-ROMs::, has updated
sources for the X Window System.

Please note: In two cases, you must pay 4 times the normal shipping required
for a single order when you pay for each subscription. If you're in Alaska,
Hawaii, or Puerto Rico you must add $20.00 for shipping for each
subscription. If you're outside of the U.S., Canada, and Puerto Rico, you
must add $80.00 for each subscription. See "CD-ROMs" and "Tax and Shipping
Costs" on the *note Free Software Foundation Order Form::.

GNU Documentation
*****************

GNU is dedicated to having quality, easy-to-use online & printed
documentation. GNU manuals are intended to explain underlying concepts,
describe how to use all the features of each program, & give examples of
command use. GNU manuals are distributed as Texinfo source files, which
yield both typeset hardcopy via the TeX document formatting system and online
hypertext display via the menu-driven Info system. Source for these manuals
comes with our software; here are the manuals that we publish as printed
books. See the *note Free Software Foundation Order Form::., to order them.

Most GNU manuals are bound as soft cover books with "lay-flat" bindings.
This allows you to open them so they lie flat on a table without creasing the
binding. They have an inner cloth spine and an outer cardboard cover that
will not break or crease as an ordinary paperback will. Currently, the
`Using and Porting GNU CC', `GDB', `Emacs', `Emacs Lisp Reference',
`Programming in Emacs Lisp: An Introduction', `GNU Awk User's Guide', `Make',
& `Bison' manuals have this binding. Our other manuals also lie flat when
opened, using a GBC binding. Our manuals are 7in by 9.25in except the 8.5in
by 11in `Calc' manual.

The edition number of the manual and version number of the program listed
after each manual's name were current at the time this Bulletin was published.

`Debugging with GDB' (for Version 4.16) tells how to run your program under
GNU Debugger control, examine and alter data, modify a program's flow of
control, and use GDB through GNU Emacs.

The `GNU Emacs Manual' (12th Edition for Version 19.33) describes editing with
GNU Emacs. It explains advanced features, including outline mode and regular
expression search; how to use special programming modes to write languages
like C++ and TeX; how to use the `tags' utility; how to compile and correct
code; how to make your own keybindings; and other elementary customizations.

`Programming in Emacs Lisp: An Introduction' (October 1995 Edition 1.04) is
for people who are not necessarily interested in programming, but who do want
to customize or extend their computing environment. If you read it in Emacs
under Info mode, you can run the sample programs directly.

`The GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual' (Edition 2.4 for Version 19.29) and
`The GNU Emacs Lisp Reference, Japanese Edition' (Japanese Draft Revision
1.0, from English Edition 2.4 for Version 19.29) cover this programming
language in depth, including data types, control structures, functions,
macros, syntax tables, searching/matching, modes, windows, keymaps, byte
compilation, and the operating system interface.

`The GNU Awk User's Guide' (Edition 1.0 for Version 3.0) tells how to use
`gawk'. It is written for those who have never used `awk' and describes
features of this powerful string and record manipulation language. It
clearly delineates those features which are part of POSIX `awk' from `gawk'
extensions, providing a comprehensive guide to `awk' program portability.

`GNU Make' (Edition 0.50 for Version 3.75 Beta) describes GNU `make', a
program used to rebuild parts of other programs. The manual tells how to
write "makefiles", which specify how a program is to be compiled and how its
files depend on each other. Included are an introductory chapter for novice
users and a section about automatically generated dependencies.

The `Flex' manual (Edition 1.03 for Version 2.3.7) teaches you to write a
lexical scanner definition for the `flex' program to create a C++ or C-coded
scanner that recognizes the patterns defined. You need no prior knowledge of
scanners.

`The Bison Manual' (November 1995 Edition for Version 1.25) teaches you how
to write context-free grammars for the Bison program that convert into
C-coded parsers. You need no prior knowledge of parser generators.

`Using and Porting GNU CC' (November 1995 Edition for Version 2.7.2) tells
how to run, install, and port the GNU C Compiler to new systems. It lists
new features and incompatibilities of GCC, but people not familiar with C
will still need a good reference on the C programming language. It also
covers G++.

The `Texinfo' manual (Edition 2.24 for Version 3) explains the markup
language that produces our online Info documentation & typeset hardcopies.
It tells you how to make tables, lists, chapters, nodes, accented & special
characters, indexes, cross references, & how to catch mistakes.

`The Termcap Manual' (3rd Edition for Version 1.3), often described as "twice
as much as you ever wanted to know about termcap," details the format of the
termcap database, the definitions of terminal capabilities, and the process
of interrogating a terminal description. This manual is primarily for
programmers.

The `C Library Reference Manual' (Edition 0.08 for Version 2.0) describes the
library's facilities, including both what Unix calls "library functions" &
"system calls." We are doing small copier runs of this manual until it
becomes more stable. Please send fixes to `bug-glibc-manual@prep.ai.mit.edu'.

The `Emacs Calc Manual' (for Version 2.02) is both a tutorial and a reference
manual. It tells how to do ordinary arithmetic, how to use Calc for algebra,
calculus, and other forms of mathematics, and how to extend Calc.

How to Get GNU Software
***********************

All the software & publications from the FSF are distributed with permission
to modify, copy, and redistribute. One way to get GNU software is to copy it
from someone else who has it. You can also get GNU software directly from
the FSF by ordering CD-ROMs and books. Such orders provide most of the funds
for the FSF staff to develop more free software, so please support our work
by ordering from the FSF if you can. See the *note Free Software Foundation
Order Form::.

There are also third party groups who distribute our software. Some are
listed in *Note Free Software Redistributors Donate::; also see *Note Free
Software for Microcomputers::. Please note that the Free Software Foundation
is *not* affiliated with them in any way and is *not* responsible for either
the currency of their versions or the swiftness of their responses.

If you decide to do business with a commercial distributor of free software,
ask them how much they do to assist free software development, e.g., by
contributing money to free software development projects or by writing free
software themselves for general use. By basing your decision partially on
this factor, you can help encourage support for free software development.

Our main FTP host is very busy & limits the number of logins. Please use one
of these other sites that also provide GNU software via FTP (program: `ftp',
user: `anonymous', password: YOUR E-MAIL ADDRESS, mode: `binary'). If you
can't reach one of them, get the software from GNU's main FTP host,
`prep.ai.mit.edu' (IP address: `18.159.0.42'). More hosts & details are in
`/pub/gnu/GETTING.GNU.SOFTWARE' & `/pub/gnu/GNUinfo/FTP' on any host.

Most of the files on the FTP sites are compressed with `gzip' to lessen FTP
traffic. Refer to the `/pub/gnu/=README-about-.gz-files' on each FTP site
for instructions on uncompressing them. `uncompress' and `unpack' *do not
work*!

* Africa: `ftp.sun.ac.za'.

* Australia: `archie.au' (`archie.oz' on ACSnet).

* Asia: `ftp.cs.titech.ac.jp', `cair-archive.kaist.ac.kr'.

* Canada: `ftp.cs.ubc.ca'.

* Israel: `ftp.technion.ac.il'.

* Europe: `ugle.unit.no', `ftp.funet.fi', `ftp.denet.dk',
`ftp.vms.stacken.kth.se', `src.doc.ic.ac.uk',
`ftp.informatik.tu-muenchen.de', `ftp.win.tue.nl', `ftp.eunet.ch',
`irisa.irisa.fr', `archive.eu.net'.

* USA: `ftp.digex.net', `ftp.hawaii.edu', `gatekeeper.dec.com',
`mango.rsmas.miami.edu' (VMS GCC), `wuarchive.wustl.edu',
`ftp.uu.net' (in `/systems/gnu').

If you can UUCP, get e-mail instructions from info@contrib.de (Europe).

FSF T-shirt
***********

The front of our T-shirt has the GNU Emacs Lisp code `(USE 'GNU)' with "`()'"
being the dancing parentheses from the cover of our `GNU Emacs Lisp Reference
Manual' (drawn by Berkeley, CA artist Etienne Suvasa). The shirt's back has
the Preamble to the GNU General Public License.

These shirts come in black, purple, red, pink, burgundy, blue, and natural
(off-white). When you order, please give 3 choices. Black and purple are
printed in white; the other colors are printed in black. All shirts are
thick 100% cotton, and come in sizes S, M, L, XL, and XXL (but they run small
so you may want a larger size than usual).

GNU T-shirts often create spontaneous friendships at conferences & on
university campuses. They also make great gifts for friends & family,
including children!

Free Software for Microcomputers
********************************

We do not provide support for GNU software on most microcomputers because it
is peripheral to the GNU Project. However, we are willing to publish
information about groups who do support and maintain them. If you are aware
of any such efforts, please send the details, including postal addresses,
archive sites, and mailing lists, to either address on the top menu.

*Note CD-ROMs::, for microcomputer software available from the FSF. Please
do not ask us about any other software. We do *not* maintain any of it and
have *no* additional information.

* Linux Kernel Linux (named after its main author, Linus Torvalds) is a
GPLed kernel that implements POSIX.1 functionality with SysV & BSD
extensions. Complete systems based on the Linux kernel are now
available for Alpha & 386/486/Pentium/Pentium Pro machines with one of
these buses: ISA, VLB, EISA, PCI. Since these systems are essentially
variant GNU systems, we call them "GNU/Linux" systems. An m68k port is
in testing (it runs on high end Amiga & Atari computers). PowerPC & MIPS
ports are being worked on. FTP it from `tsx-11.mit.edu' in `/pub/linux'
(USA) & from `ftp.funet.fi' in `/pub/Linux' (Europe).

Ask `majordomo@vger.rutgers.edu' about mailing lists. See USENET
newsgroups, e.g. `comp.os.linux.misc', for news.

* Boston Computer Society

The BCS had numerous free microcomputer programs, including some GNU
programs. The BCS is now dissolved, but many of the smaller groups
operating under it are expected to continue. See URL:
`http://www.bcs.org/'.

* GNU Software on the Amiga

Get Amiga ports of many GNU programs via FTP from `ftp.funet.fi' in
`/pub/amiga/gnu' (Europe). For info on (or offers to help with) the GCC
port and related projects, ask Leonard Norrgard, `vinsci@nic.funet.fi'.
For info on the GNU Emacs port, ask Dave Gilbert,
`dgilbert@jaywon.pci.on.ca' or see
`http://www.realtime.tinymush.org/~dgilbert/emacs-19.html' for a status
update. You can get more info from a GNU FTP host (listed in *Note How
to Get GNU Software::) in the file `/pub/gnu/MicrosPorts/Amiga'.

* GNU Software for Atari TOS and Atari Minix

Get Atari ports by anonymous FTP from `atari.archive.umich.edu', in
`/atari/Gnustuff', maintained by Howard Chu, `howard@lloyd.com'. The
GNU software runs on all Atari 68000 and 68030-based systems; a hard
drive and 4 MB RAM minimum are recommended for using the compilers. See
USENET newsgroups, such as `comp.sys.atari.st.tech', for discussions.

* GNU Software for OS/2

Ports of many GNU programs are on the FTP host `ftp-os2.cdrom.com' in
`/pub/os2'. One of these is of the GNU C/C++/Objective-C Compiler to
OS/2 2.x and OS/2 Warp, with the GNU assembler, documentation, and
OS/2-specific C libraries.

This is Eberhard Mattes' `emx' port, which also features GDB and many
Unix-related library functions like `fork'. Programs compiled by this
port also run on a 80386 under DOS. It is in directory
`/pub/os2/lang/emx09c'. `emx 0.9c' is a port of GCC 2.7.2.1. To join
the e-mail list, send email containing `subscribe emx' to
`majordomo@iaehv.nl'.

Project GNU Wish List
*********************

Wishes for this issue are for:

* GNU art that highlights a program or aspect of the GNU Project.

* Oleo extensions and other free software for business, such as accounting
and project management programs. Graphical free software applications
for ordinary users who are not programmers.

* Volunteers to distribute this Bulletin at technical conferences, trade
shows, local and national user group meetings, etc. Volunteers to get
articles into their user group newsletters. Please phone or fax the
numbers on the top menu, or email `fsforder@gnu.ai.mit.edu' to make
arrangements.

* Boston area volunteers for various tasks in the FSF Distribution and
Programming Offices. Please contact us at either address on the top
menu.

* Volunteers to help write programs and documentation. Send mail to
`gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu' for the task list and coding standards.

* Volunteers to type and proofread for the GNU Dictionary Project. *Note
Forthcoming GNUs::, for details.

* Volunteers to build binaries for Deluxe Distributions & systems not yet
on the *Note Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM:: (especially systems
without a C compiler). Please contact us at either address on the top
menu.

* Writable CD-ROMs, SCSI tape drives for 4mm DAT cartridge tapes, 8mm
Exabyte cartridge tapes.

* Gigabyte SCSI disks to give us more space to develop software.

* Pentium Pro, Pentium, or 486 PC laptops, notebooks, or compatibles with
600+ MB of disk & Ethernet cards.

* 14.4 or faster modems.

* Companies to lend good programmers & technical writers for at least six
months. True wizards may be welcome for less time, but we have found
that this is the minimum time for a programmer to finish a worthwhile
project.

* Professors who might be interested in sponsoring or hosting research
assistants to do actual GNU development, with partial FSF support.

* New quotes and ideas for articles in the GNU's Bulletin. We particularly
like to highlight organizations involved with free information exchanges,
software that uses the GNU General Public License, and companies
providing free software support as a primary business.

* Information about free software or developers of free software that we
may not know about. Often, we only find out about interesting projects
because a user writes and asks us why we have not mentioned those
projects!

* Copies of newspaper and journal articles mentioning the GNU Project or
GNU software. Send these to the address on the top menu, or send a
citation to `citations@prep.ai.mit.edu'.

* Money, as always.

If you use & appreciate our software, please send contributions!
Another good way to help is to buy GNU books, CD-ROMs, and T-shirts. A
business can make a larger contribution by ordering a *Note Deluxe
Distribution::. This is especially helpful if you work for an
organization where the word *donation* is anathema. Because of the
value received, the full dollar amounts of such donations are not
tax-deductible as charitable contributions; however, they may qualify as
a business expense.

Thank GNUs
**********

Several GNU supporters have requested that donations be made to the FSF in
lieu of gifts to themselves. We appreciate their generosity.

Thanks to Paul Eggert, D. Andrew Hall III and Natalie A. Olsen, Jill and
Professor Donald Knuth, Nihon Sun Users Group (Japan), Vance Petree, T.H. &
P.I. Puckett, and Bradley Yearwood for their regular, substantial
contributions.

Thanks to Adras Computing, Alan Bram, Cadence Design Systems, Richard Edelman
of Design Acceleration, Doug Evans and Cygnus Support, Warren Gibson of CSA
Engineering, Brian Gough, Toon Moene, Paul Murphy of WSC Investments, Inc.,
Kenneth and Jill Olstad, Mark Thompson, and Henry Unger of Hitech Systems for
their generous donations.

A special thanks to Michael Rubin for his bequest to the FSF. We mourn his
passing.

Thanks to all who have lent or donated machines, including: several Anonymous
donors, Rocky Bernstein, Russ Button, CMU's Mach Project, Concentra, Inc.,
Cygnus Support, Bill Corwin and Susan Corwin of Intel Corp., Delta
Microsystems, Digital Equipment Corp., Simson Garfinkel, Warren Gibson,
Hewlett-Packard, IBM Corp, Intel Corp., Tadashi Kobayashi of Toshiba
Corporation, MIT's Media Laboratory, Shinichi Mochizuki of Toshiba America,
Network Computing Devices, Inc., NeXT, the Open Software Foundation, SONY
Corp. & Software Research Associates, Inc., both of Tokyo, Kresten Krab
Thorup, Michael Tiemann of Cygnus Solutions, Don Trimmer of Peripheral Device
Corporation, and Barton Wright.

Thanks to the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Laboratory for Computer
Science, and Project Athena, all at MIT for their invaluable assistance.

Thanks to the many companies and organizations who have bought our Deluxe
Distribution, and to the volunteers who helped us build them.

For their help in Japan, thanks to: the Japan Unix Society, Nobuyuki Hikichi,
Mieko Hikichi, Ken'ichi Handa, Yukitoshi Fujimura, Prof. Takafumi Hayashi,
Takeshi Hayashi, Mr. Akiba, Mitsuru Nakamura, & Prof. Masayuki Ida. Thanks
to the (Japanese) Hewlett-Packard Computer Users' Association and the Japan
Sun User Group for their generous contributions. Thanks to BR Vehicle
Control Engineering Dept. of Toyota Motor Corp. in Japan for their donation
from their in-house award. Thanks to the Nihon Sun Users Group & Hitachi,
Ltd. for their generous contributions. Thanks to Addison-Wesley Publishers
Japan Ltd., A.I. Soft, Village Center, Inc., ASCII Corporation, & many others
in Japan, for their continued donations & support.

We thank those groups who have donated us booths at their conferences,
including the Sun Users Group.

Thanks to all the volunteers who helped the GNU Project at conferences; Barry
Meikle of the University of Toronto Bookstore for donating ad space; Warren
A. Hunt, Jr. & Computational Logic, Inc. for their continued donations &
support; to Cygnus Solutions for helping the GNU Project in many ways.

Thanks to all who have contributed ports and extensions, as well as all who
have sent in other source code, documentation, and good bug reports.

Thanks to all those who sent money and offered other kinds of help.

Thanks to all those who support us by ordering T-shirts, manuals, reference
cards, distribution CD-ROMs, proceedings, and Deluxe Distributions.

Thanks to all those mentioned elsewhere in this and past Bulletins.

The creation of this Bulletin is our way of thanking all who have expressed
interest in what we are doing.

Donations Translate Into Free Software
**************************************

If you appreciate Emacs, GNU CC, Ghostscript, and other free software, you
may wish to help us make sure there is more in the future--remember,
*donations translate into more free software!*

Your donation to us is tax-deductible in the United States. We gladly accept
*any* currency, although the U.S. dollar is the most convenient.

If your employer has a matching gifts program for charitable donations,
please arrange to: add the FSF to the list of organizations for your
employer's matching gifts program; and have your donation matched (note *Note
Cygnus Matches Donations!::). If you do not know, please ask your personnel
department.

Circle amount you are donating, cut out this form, and send it with your
donation to:

Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place - Suite 330
Boston, MA 02111-1307
USA

$500 $250 $100 $50 Other $_____ Other currency:_____

You can charge a donation to any of Carte Blanche, Diner's Club, JCB,
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Telephone Number: ___________________________________________

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Cygnus Matches Donations!
*************************

To encourage cash donations to the Free Software Foundation, Cygnus Solutions
will continue to contribute corporate funds to the FSF to accompany gifts by
its employees, and by its customers and their employees.

Donations payable to the Free Software Foundation should be sent by eligible
persons to Cygnus Solutions, which will add its gifts and forward the total
to the FSF each quarter. The FSF will provide the contributor with a receipt
to recognize the contribution (which is tax-deductible on U.S. tax returns).
To see if your employer is a Cygnus customer, or for more information,
please contact Cygnus:

Cygnus Solutions
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USA

Telephone: +1 408 542 9600
+1 800 Cygnus1 (-294-6871)
Fax: +1 408 542 9700
Electronic-Mail: `info@cygnus.com'
FTP: `ftp.cygnus.com'
World Wide Web: `http://www.Cygnus.com/'

Free Software Foundation Order Form
***********************************

All items are distributed with permission to copy and to redistribute.
Texinfo source for each manual and source for each reference card is on the
appropriate CD-ROM; the prices for these media do not include printed
documentation. All items are provided on an ``as is'' basis, with no
warranty of any kind. Please allow four weeks for delivery (though it
won't usually take that long).

PRICE AND CONTENTS MAY CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE AFTER July 31, 1997.

A possibly more current version of this order form can be found on the
World Wide Web at `http://www.gnu.ai.mit.edu/order/order.html' or
can be found in file `/pub/gnu/GNUinfo/ORDERS' on a GNU FTP host
(listed in *Note How to Get GNU Software::).

FSF Deluxe Distribution
.......................
(Please contact us with any questions. *note Deluxe Distribution::.
for machine, operating system, and media types.)

____ @ $5000 = $ ______ The Deluxe Distribution, with manuals, etc.

Machine: _____________________________________________________________________

Operating system: ____________________________________________________________

Media type: __________________________________________________________________

Version of X Window System to build: _________________________________________

CD-ROMs, in ISO 9660 format (*note CD-ROMs::.):
..............................................

GNU Source Code CD-ROMs, Version 9 with X11R6.3 (*note January 1997 Source Code CD-ROMs::.):

____ @ $240 = $ ______ for corporations and other organizations.

____ @ $ 60 = $ ______ for individuals.

Subscriptions, next 4 updates, of the Source Code CD-ROM, in ISO 9660 format
(*note CD-ROM Subscription Service::.):

____ @ $720 = $ ______ for corporations and other organizations.

____ @ $180 = $ ______ for individuals.

GNU Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM, Version 4, January 1997 Edition
(*note Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM::.):

____ @ $220 = $ ______ for corporations and other organizations.

____ @ $55 = $ ______ for individuals.

Proceedings
-----------

____ @ $ 25 = $ ______ The Proceedings of the First Conference
on Freely Redistributable Software - only
available while supplies last.

Manuals
-------

These manuals (*note Documentation::.). The latest version of each manual
will be shipped. Please contact us if you want a specific version.

____ @ $ 25 = $ ______ GNU Emacs manual, with a reference card.

____ @ $ 50 = $ ______ GNU Emacs Lisp Reference manual, in two volumes.

____ @ $ 60 = $ ______ GNU Emacs Lisp Reference, Japanese Edition.

____ @ $ 50 = $ ______ Using and Porting GNU CC.

____ @ $ 50 = $ ______ GNU C Library Reference Manual.

____ @ $ 50 = $ ______ GNU Emacs Calc manual, with a reference card.

____ @ $ 20 = $ ______ Programming in Emacs Lisp: An Introduction.

____ @ $ 20 = $ ______ Debugging with GDB, with a reference card.

____ @ $ 25 = $ ______ GNU Awk User's Guide.

____ @ $ 20 = $ ______ Make manual.

____ @ $ 20 = $ ______ Bison manual, with a reference card.

____ @ $ 20 = $ ______ Flex manual, with a reference card.

____ @ $ 20 = $ ______ Texinfo manual.

____ @ $ 15 = $ ______ Termcap manual.

Reference Cards
---------------

The following reference cards, in packets of ten. For single copies please
contact us.

____ @ $ 10 = $ ______ GNU Emacs version 19 reference cards.

____ @ $ 10 = $ ______ GNU Emacs Calc reference cards.

____ @ $ 10 = $ ______ GDB reference cards.

____ @ $ 10 = $ ______ Bison reference cards.

____ @ $ 10 = $ ______ Flex reference cards.

T-shirts
--------

GNU/FSF T-shirts, thick 100% cotton in sizes: M, L, XL, & XXL (they run
small); and in colors: black, purple, red, pink, burgundy, blue, &
natural (off-white); please list 1st, 2nd, and 3rd choice of color
(*note FSF T-shirt::.):

____ @ $ 15 = $ ______ Size _____

Color choice: 1st _______ 2nd _______ 3rd _______

____ @ $ 15 = $ ______ Size _____

Color choice: 1st _______ 2nd _______ 3rd _______

____ @ $ 15 = $ ______ Size _____

Color choice: 1st _______ 2nd _______ 3rd _______

____ @ $ 15 = $ ______ Size _____

Color choice: 1st _______ 2nd _______ 3rd _______

Older Items
-----------

Older items are only available while supplies last.

____ @ $ 5 = $ ______ GNU Emacs version 18 reference cards, in packets
of ten.

____ @ $ 15 = $ ______ GNU Emacs Manual for Emacs version 19.29.

____ @ $ 10 = $ ______ Gawk Manual, Edition 0.16 for version 2.16.

____ @ $ 40 = $ ______ Using and Porting GCC, 8.5 x 11 inches, with
plastic binding (same text as current edition)

____ @ $ 15 = $ ______ Debugging with GDB for Version 4.14

Please fill in the number of each older CD-ROM you order:

GNU Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROMs:

Version 1 (December '93) ______ Version 2 (December '94) ______

Version 3 (December '95) ______

GNU Source Code CD-ROMs: (Version 5 (Dec. '94) is not available.)

Version 1 (October '92) ______ Version 2 (May '93) ______

Version 3 (November '93 - last edition with X11R5) ______

Version 4 (May '94 - first edition with X11R6) ______

Version 6 (June '95) ______ Version 7 (Dec. '95) ______

Version 8 (June '96) ______

Please put the total count and cost of the above older CD-ROMs here:

____ @ $ 80 = $ ______ for corporations and other organizations.

____ @ $ 20 = $ ______ for individuals.

======

Subtotal $ ______

Tax and Shipping Costs
----------------------

+ $ ______ For addresses in Massachusetts: add 5% sales tax
or give tax exempt number. There is no sales tax
on T-shirts.
+ $ ______ Shipping fee for addresses in Alaska, Hawaii, or
Puerto Rico:
$ 5.00 base charge;
+ $ 5.00 for *each* Emacs Calc or Emacs Lisp
Reference manual ($ 5.00 * #ofMans);
+ $ 20.00 for *each* CD-ROM subscription
($20.00 * #ofSubs);
+ $ 1.00 for *each* item other then the above
(shipping for all other items =
$ 1.00 * #ofOtherItems).
+ $ ______ Shipping fee for most Foreign Destinations: (Please
do *not* use this formula for addresses in China,
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Philippines, and Thailand. Please fax,
or contact us for an exact shipping quote.)
$ 20.00 base charge for orders to other
addresses outside of U.S., Canada, & Puerto Rico:
+ $ 10.00 for each item ordered, ($ 10.00 * #ofItems)
+ $ 80.00 for each CD-ROM subscription
($ 80.00 * #ofSubs) (don't count as an item).
+ $ ______ Optional (tax-deductible in the U.S.) donation.
------ We suggest 5% if paying by credit card.

TOTAL $ ______ We pay for shipping via UPS ground transportation in
the contiguous 48 states and Canada. For very
large orders, ask about actual shipping costs for
that order.

Note: The shipping fee for foreign destinations covers express courier
shipping. If you would like shipping via air mail, please contact
our distribution offfice for a quote on your order.

Shipping Information
--------------------

Name: ________________________________________________________________________

Mail Stop/Dept. Name: ________________________________________________________

Organization: ________________________________________________________________

Street Address: ______________________________________________________________

City, State/Province: ________________________________________________________

Zip Code/Postal Code Country: ________________________________________________

Telephone number in case of a problem with your order.
For international orders, please include a Fax number. _______________________

E-mail Address: ______________________________________________________________

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| |
| Orders filled only upon receipt of check, money order, or credit card |
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| We do not have the staff to handle the billing of unpaid orders. Please |
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| |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

For orders from outside the U.S.:
---------------------------------

You are responsible for paying all duties, tariffs, and taxes. If you
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------
| |
| Please make checks payable to the ``Free Software Foundation''. |
| |
| Checks must be in U.S. dollars, drawn on a U.S. bank. |
| |
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For Credit Card Orders:
-----------------------

The Free Software Foundation takes these credit cards: Carte Blanche,
Diner's Club, JCB, MasterCard, Visa, or American Express. Please note that
we are charged about 5% of an order's total amount in credit card
processing fees. Please consider paying by check instead, or adding on a 5%
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give us this information:

Card type: ___________________________________________________________________

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| |
| If you wish to pay by wire transfer or you are a reseller, please |
| contact us or write us for details. |
| |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Please mail orders to: Free Software Foundation
59 Temple Place - Suite 330
Boston, MA 02111
PRICES AND CONTENTS MAY CHANGE +1-617-542-5942
WITHOUT NOTICE AFTER July 31, 1997 Fax (including Japan): +1-617-542-2652

Version: January 1997 ASCII Bull

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