July 1997, GNU's Bulletin (Text Version)
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GNU's Bulletin July, 1997
The GNU's Bulletin is the semi-annual newsletter of the
Free Software Foundation, bringing you
news about the GNU Project.
Free Software Foundation, Inc. Telephone: +1-617-542-5942
59 Temple Place - Suite 330 Fax: (including Japan) +1-617-542-2652
Boston, MA 02111-1307 Electronic Mail: `gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu'
USA WWW: `http://www.gnu.ai.mit.edu'
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Table of Contents
-----------------
GNU's Who
Administrivia and Copyright
Other GPL'ed Software
What Is the FSF?
What Is Copyleft?
What Is Linux?
What Is a GNU/Linux system?
What Is the Hurd?
Become a Patron of the FSF
Free Software Redistributors Donate
Help from Free Software Companies
New European Distributor
Emacspeak
GNUs Flashes
Display Ghostscript Project
Replacing Qt
Help the Translation Project
GNU & Other Free Software in Japan
Forthcoming GNUs
Free Software Support
GNU Software
Configuring GNU Software
GNU Software Currently Available
Program/Package Cross Reference
The Deluxe Distribution
CD-ROMs
Pricing of the GNU CD-ROMs
What do the Different Prices Mean?
Why Is There an Individual Price?
Is There a Maximum Price?
January 1997 Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM
Source Code CD-ROMs
July 1997 Source Code CD-ROMs
January 1997 Source Code CD-ROMs
CD-ROM Subscription Service
GNU Documentation
How to Get GNU Software
FSF T-shirt
Free Software for Non-Unix-Like Systems
Project GNU Wish List
Thank GNUs
Donations Translate Into Free Software
Cygnus Matches Donations!
Free Software Foundation Order Form
Address Page
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GNU's Who
*********
Thomas Bushnell, n/BSG (whose name used to be Michael) and Miles Bader work
on the Hurd. Karl Heuer enhances Emacs and is working on an accounting
package, and with Ian Murdock is in charge of making Deluxe Distributions.
Jim Blandy is working on GUILE, GNU's Ubiquitous Intelligent Language for
Extension, and Teak, a desktop interface.
Melissa Weisshaus is working on special documentation projects.
Prof. Masayuki Ida is our Vice President for Japan. He is organizing
Japanese seminars, working with GNU's friends in Japan, etc. Brian Youmans
is our Distribution Manager and handles online inquiries. Paul Wendt has
joined the FSF to handle the phones and much of the administrative work in
the office. Carol Botteron, Robert J. Chassell, Tami Friedman, Peter H.
Salus, and Len Tower Jr. have left the FSF. Tami continues to volunteer for
GNU as our Administrivia Coordinator. We thank them for their hard work.
Volunteers Steve Morningthunder and Alex Bernadin help to coordinate all of
the many volunteers in the GNU Project. Volunteer Paul van Gool coordinates
our volunteer system administrators. Richard Stallman continues as a
volunteer who does countless tasks, such as Emacs maintenance. Volunteer
Phil Nelson works on our Web site.
Administrivia and Copyright
***************************
Written & Edited by Karl Heuer.
Illustrations by Etienne Suvasa.
Japanese Edition by Mieko Hikichi and Nobuyuki Hikichi
ISSN (International Standard Serial Number): 1075-7813
The GNU's Bulletin is published at (approximately) the end of January and the
end of July each year. Please note that there is no postal mailing list. To
get a copy, send your name and address with your request to the address on
page 1. Enclosing $1.00 in U.S. Postage and/or a donation of a few dollars is
appreciated but not required. If you're outside the USA, sending a mailing
label and enough International Reply Coupons for a package of about 100 grams
is appreciated but not required. (Including a few extra International Reply
Coupons for copying costs is also appreciated.)
Copyright (C) 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies of this
document, in any medium, provided that the copyright notice and permission
notice are preserved, and that the distributor grants the recipient
permission for further redistribution as permitted by this notice.
Other GPL'ed Software
*********************
We maintain a list of copylefted software that we do not presently
distribute. FTP the file `/pub/gnu/GPLedSoftware' from a GNU FTP host (see
``How to Get GNU Software''). Please let us know of additional programs we
should mention. We don't list Emacs Lisp Libraries; host
`archive.cis.ohio-state.edu' has a list of those you can FTP in the file
`/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/LCD-datafile.Z'.
What Is the FSF?
****************
The Free Software Foundation is dedicated to eliminating restrictions on
people's right to use, copy, modify, and redistribute computer programs. We
do this by promoting the development and use of free software. Specifically,
we are putting together a complete, integrated software system named "GNU"
("GNU's Not Unix", pronounced "guh-noo") that will be upwardly compatible
with Unix. Most parts of this system are already being used and distributed.
The word "free" in our name refers to freedom, not price. You may or may not
pay money to get GNU software, but either way you have three specific
freedoms once you get it: first, the freedom to copy a program, and
distribute it to your friends and co-workers; second, the freedom to change a
program as you wish, by having full access to source code; third, the freedom
to distribute a modified version and thus help build the community. Free
software means you can study the source and learn how such programs are
written; it means you can port it or improve it, and then share your work
with others.
If you redistribute GNU software, you may charge a distribution fee or you
may give it away, so long as you include the source code and the GNU General
Public License; see ``What Is Copyleft'', for details.
Other organizations distribute whatever free software happens to be
available. By contrast, the Free Software Foundation concentrates on the
development of new free software, working towards a GNU system complete
enough to eliminate the need to use a proprietary system.
Besides developing GNU, the FSF distributes GNU software and manuals for a
distribution fee, and accepts gifts (tax-deductible in the U.S.) to support
GNU development. Most of the FSF's funds come from its distribution service.
The Board of the Foundation is: Richard M. Stallman, President;
Gerald J. Sussman and Harold Abelson, Directors.
What Is Copyleft?
*****************
The simplest way to make a program free is to put it in the public domain,
uncopyrighted. But this permits proprietary modified versions, which deny
others the freedom to redistribute and modify; such versions undermine the
goal of giving freedom to *all* users. To prevent this, "copyleft" uses
copyrights in a novel manner. Typically, copyrights take away freedoms;
copyleft preserves them. It is a legal instrument that requires those who
pass on a program to include the rights to use, modify, and redistribute the
code; the code and the freedoms become legally inseparable.
The copyleft used by the GNU Project is made from the combination of a
regular copyright notice and the "GNU General Public License" (GPL). The GPL
is a copying license which basically says that you have the aforementioned
freedoms. An alternate form, the "GNU Library General Public License"
(LGPL), applies to a few (but not most) GNU libraries. This license permits
linking the libraries into proprietary executables under certain conditions.
The appropriate license is included in each GNU source code distribution and
in many manuals. Printed copies are available upon request.
We strongly encourage you to copyleft your programs and documentation, and we
have made it as simple as possible for you to do so. The details on how to
apply either form of GNU Public License appear at the end of each license.
What Is Linux?
**************
Linux (named after its main author, Linus Torvalds) is a GPLed kernel that
implements POSIX.1 functionality with SysV & BSD extensions. GNU/Linux
systems are now available for Alpha & 386/486/Pentium/Pentium Pro machines
with one of these buses: ISA, VLB, EISA, PCI. An m68k port is in testing (it
runs on high end Amiga & Atari computers). MIPS, PowerPC & Sparc ports are
being worked on. FTP it from `tsx-11.mit.edu' in `/pub/linux' (USA) & from
`ftp.funet.fi' in `/pub/Linux' (Europe).
Ask `majordomo@vger.rutgers.edu' about mailing lists. See USENET newsgroups,
e.g. `comp.os.linux.misc', for news.
What Is a GNU/Linux system?
***************************
by Richard M. Stallman
A GNU/Linux system is a system which is a combination of Linux and GNU.
Linux is a kernel, compatible with the Unix kernel, written by Linus Torvalds.
There are several different distributions available via FTP and CD-ROM. None
are distributed by the FSF at this time.
GNU is a Unix-like operating system. We started the GNU Project in 1984 with
the aim of bringing such a system into existence. A Unix-like operating
system consists of many components; we had to obtain each of the important
components somehow. The job was so large that many of the people who
sympathized with the goal were discouraged from attempting it, but we decided
we would reach the goal no matter how long it took.
We found some components already available as free software--for example, the
X Window System & TeX. Naturally we decided to use them, since the job was
big enough even with short cuts. We got other components by helping to
convince their developers to free them--for example, the Berkeley network
utilities.
The rest of components, we had to write. These include Emacs, the GNU C &
C++ compilers & libraries, Bash, Ghostscript, Groff, & many others.
All of these various components--those we wrote, those we helped make free,
and those we found already available--together make up the GNU system.
Until recently, users couldn't run *the* GNU system, because one part (the
kernel; see ``What Is the Hurd'') was not yet ready. (We made the first
test release in August 1996.) However, for a few years now, it has been
possible to put together the Linux kernel and the almost-complete GNU system,
resulting in a complete Unix-like free operating system suitable for actual
use.
While commonly referred to as "Linux systems", we prefer the term
"Linux-based GNU systems," or "GNU/Linux systems" for short, since these
systems are mostly the same as *the* GNU system. This gives Linus credit for
the kernel that he wrote, while indicating that these systems *as a whole* are
variants of the GNU system.
We also occasionally use the term "GNU/Hurd system" to emphasize that we mean
a version of the GNU system which uses the Hurd rather than Linux.
We think it is proper for the GNU Project to get credit for making the free
Unix-like system that it set out for a decade ago. But there is a more
important reason for friends of GNU to use names like "Linux-based GNU
system" instead of "Linux system." This is to help spread the GNU Project's
philosophical idea: that there is ethical importance in freeing users to
share software and cooperate in improving it; that free software belongs to a
community, and people who benefit from the community should feel a moral
obligation to help build the community when they have a chance.
When users install a system which they call "Linux," they can easily miss
ever seeing the GNU idea--or feel that it only indirectly touches on them and
what they are doing. And if the GNU idea is not widely known or not taken
seriously, it will not persuade as many people to write new free software.
A conference was held this year on the topic of developing "Linux
applications". This conference was about using the GNU system, but the
conference announcement did not mention the word GNU. Instead of encouraging
users to write more free software, it did just the opposite. It included a
panel entitled, "Licenses and licensing--I don't want to give away my
application!!!" (The three `!' marks appeared in the announcement).
Of course, these conference organizers are entitled to state their views.
But it would be harder for these views to gather support if the conference
attendees recognized the operating system under discussion as a variant of
the GNU system, and thought about these views in contrast with the GNU
philosophy.
So please help make people aware of this relationship--please use
"Linux-based GNU system" or "GNU/Linux" when you talk about a system which is
a combination of Linux and GNU.
What Is the Hurd?
*****************
The Hurd is a collection of server processes that run on top of Mach, a free
message-passing microkernel developed at CMU. The Hurd and Mach together
form the kernel of the GNU/Hurd operating system. The GNU C Library
implements the Unix "system call" interface by sending messages to Hurd
servers as appropriate.
The Hurd allows users to create and share useful projects without knowing
much about the internal workings of the system--projects that might never
have been attempted without freely available source, a well-designed
interface, and a multiple server design. The Hurd is thus like other
expandable GNU software, e.g. Emacs and GUILE.
Currently, there are free ports of the Mach kernel to the 386 PC, the DEC
PMAX workstation, and several other machines, with more in progress,
including the Amiga, PA-RISC HP 700, & DEC Alpha-3000. Contact us if you
want to help with one of these or start your own. Porting the GNU Hurd & GNU
C Library is easy (easier than porting GNU Emacs, certainly easier than
porting the compiler) once a Mach port to a particular platform exists.
We have made several test releases of the Hurd. See ``GNUs Flashes'', for
recent progress.
We need help with significant Hurd-related projects. Experienced system
programmers who are interested should send mail to `gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu'.
Porting the Mach kernel or the GNU C Library to new systems is another way to
help.
You can obtain test releases of the Hurd from a GNU FTP host (see ``How to
Get GNU Software'') along with complete binaries for an i386 GNU system.
We will not be distributing these on CD-ROM until they are more stable.
Become a Patron of the FSF
**************************
The Free Software Foundation wants to acknowledge its supporters and
contributors in a more visible fashion. You can now become an "official"
supporter of the FSF. See ``Thank GNUs'', for the names of people and
organizations who have done so.
* $100 makes you a Supporter of the FSF; you get a listing of your name in
GNU's Bulletin for a year.
* $500 makes you a Contributor; you get a listing and a Certificate.
* $1000 makes you a Sustaining Contributor; you get a listing, a
Certificate, and a gift.
* $5000 makes you a Patron; you get all the "benefits" of a Sustaining
Contributor plus a special gift.
The Free Software Foundation is a 501(c)(3) organization; all contributions
are tax deductible in the US.
Free Software Redistributors Donate
***********************************
The French redistributor PACT has agreed to donate $1.00 for each GNU/Linux
CD that they sell.
Red Hat Software has agreed to donate $1.00 to the FSF for every copy of Red
Hat Archives sold. They have also added a GNU logo to the back of that CD
with the words "Supports the Free Software Foundation".
The SNOW 2.1 CD producers added the words "Includes $5 donation to the FSF"
to the front of their CD. Potential buyers will know just how much of the
price is for the FSF & how much is for the redistributor.
The Sun Users Group Deutschland has made it even clearer: their CD says,
"Price 90 DM, + 12 DM donation to the FSF." We thank them for their
contribution to our efforts.
Kyoto Micro Computer of Japan regularly gives us 10% of their GNU-related
sales.
Mr. Hiroshi, Mr. Kojima, and the other authors of the `Linux Primer' in Japan
have donated money from the sales of their book.
Infomagic has continued to make sizable donations to the FSF.
At the request of author Arnold Robbins, Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc.
continues to donate 3% of their gross revenues from selling `Effective AWK
Programming'. We would also like to acknowledge the many SSC authors who
have donated their royalties and fees to the FSF.
In the long run, the success of free software depends on how much new free
software people develop. Free software distribution offers an opportunity to
raise funds for such development in an ethical way. These redistributors
have made use of the opportunity. Many others let it go to waste.
You can help promote free software development by convincing for-a-fee
redistributors to contribute--either by doing development themselves or by
donating to development organizations (the FSF and others).
The way to convince distributors to contribute is to demand and expect this
of them. This means choosing among distributors partly by how much they give
to free software development. Then you can show distributors they must
compete to be the one who gives the most.
To make this work, you must insist on numbers that you can compare, such as,
"We will give ten dollars to the Foobar project for each disk sold." A vague
commitment, such as "A portion of the profits is donated," doesn't give you a
basis for comparison. Even a precise fraction "of the profits from this
disk" is not very meaningful, since creative accounting and unrelated
business decisions can greatly alter what fraction of the sales price counts
as profit.
Also, press developers for firm information about what kind of development
they do or support. Some kinds make much more long-term difference than
others. For example, maintaining a separate version of a GNU program
contributes very little; maintaining a program on behalf of the GNU Project
contributes much. Easy new ports contribute little, since someone else would
surely do them; difficult ports such as adding a new CPU to the GNU compiler
or to Mach contribute more; major new features & programs contribute the most.
By establishing the idea that supporting further development is "the proper
thing to do" when distributing free software for a fee, we can assure a
steady flow of resources for making more free software.
Help from Free Software Companies
*********************************
When choosing a free software business, ask those you are considering how
much they do to assist free software development, e.g., by contributing money
to free software development or by writing free software improvements
themselves for general use. By basing your decision partially on this
factor, you can help encourage those who profit from free software to
contribute to its growth.
Wingnut (SRA's special GNU support group) supports the FSF by purchasing
Deluxe Distribution packages on a regular basis. In this way they transfer
10% of their income to the FSF. Listing them here is our way of thanking
them.
Wingnut Project
Software Research Associates, Inc.
1-1-1 Hirakawa-cho, Chiyoda-ku
Tokyo 102, Japan
Phone: (+81-3)3234-2611
Fax: (+81-3)3942-5174
E-mail: `info-wingnut@sra.co.jp'
WWW: `http://www.sra.co.jp/public/sra/product/wingnut/'
New European Distributor
************************
The Free Software Foundation now has a European distribution agent: GNU
Distribution Europe, Belgium.
Users in European Community countries can order GNU manuals, CD-ROMs and
T-shirts through this distribution agent, and get a lower overall price (due
to reduced shipping costs) and quicker delivery. Their address is
GNU Distribution Europe, Belgium
Sportstaat 28
9000 Gent
Belgium
Phone: +32-9-2227542
Fax: +32-9-2224976
Email: `europe-order@gnu.ai.mit.edu'.
Emacspeak
*********
Emacspeak is a speech output extension to Emacs. You listen instead of look.
It allows someone who cannot see to work well with a computer.
T. V. Raman, who created Emacspeak, wrote it to use different voice
personalities for different types of text: a WWW link sounds different from
quoted text which in turn sounds different from regular text.
Raman wrote:
When you take a tty driver and make it speak (this is essentially what
all PC screenreaders under DOS do), all you get to hear is the contents
of the display; you're responsible for figuring out why it's there.
So, for instance, when a calendar application lays out the calendar to
produce a well-formatted tabular display, it looks nice; but the blind
user hears "1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 3 4 5 6 ..." or some such garbage; believe
me; I've used such an interface for the last five years. So now you've
got to figure out that for instance 27 April is a Thursday by checking
which screen column the figure "27" appears in.
Emacspeak has a completely different approach to speech enabling Emacs
apps (which as you know are numerous). Emacspeak looks at the program
environment and data of the applications, and speaks the information the
way it should be spoken. So in the case of the calendar, you hear
"Thursday, April 27, 1995".
This means you do not need to look at a display to read news or mail, browse
the Web, use Calc, write code or a novel.
In addition to appropriately different voices, Emacspeak provides non-speech
auditory cues so you don't lose track of what is going on.
Emacspeak is in `ftp://ftp.cs.cornell.edu/pub/raman/emacspeak' or
`http://cs.cornell.edu/home/raman/emacspeak'.
Display Ghostscript Project
***************************
The Free Software Foundation and Net Community are seeking to raise $11,000
to fund the completion of Display Ghostscript--that is, extending Ghostscript
to support the Display Postscript features. So far we have raised $5600,
slightly over half of the target.
If you would like to contribute, please send a donation to the Free Software
Foundation and state that it is meant for Display Ghostscript.
Replacing Qt
************
The GNU Project is looking for volunteers to work on developing a free
compatible replacement for the Qt GUI toolkit.
Qt is not free software because its distribution terms are too restrictive.
Users do not have the freedom to make changes, or the freedom to release
their changes for the community to use--freedoms which are a crucial part of
the meaning of free software. Even developing an application program which
uses unmodified Qt carries, in some cases, an unacceptable requirement--to
notify the owners of Qt.
A secondary consequence of the restrictions on Qt is that linking Qt together
with code covered by the GNU GPL violates the GNU GPL, because the combined
program is not free software. (It makes no difference whether the linking is
done statically or dynamically; either way is creating a combined program
which the GPL applies to.)
But Qt is available to run at no charge, and some developers of free
applications are starting to make their programs use it.
This a serious problem for developing completely free operating systems. Qt
cannot be included in a free operating system, because any system which
contains Qt is, by consequence, no longer entirely free software.
If a free application needs Qt in order to run, free operating systems cannot
use that application either. We would be legally permitted to use the
application itself, and the system could still be free--but including the
application without Qt won't be any use.
The only feasible way to make these applications run on free systems is to
develop a free substitute for Qt. Hence this project.
To make the goal precise, the new GUI toolkit needs to be mostly compatible
with Qt in regard to API. How compatible must it be? Compatible enough that
it is easy to make the free applications use it. In other words, this
library should be compatible enough to do the job of making the applications
run.
This new toolkit does not need to have each and every feature that Qt has.
It just needs to have the features that the free applications use and cannot
easily do without.
The screen appearance and behavior of the replacement package do not
necessarily have to be compatible with Qt. If they are convenient and work
well with the applications that use the library, that is good enough.
Please send email to `gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu' if you would like to help with
this project.
This project will take some time. In the mean time, if you are developing a
free application, please do not use Qt. Please use a free GUI toolkit
instead.
GNUs Flashes
************
* Hurd Progress (Also see ``What Is the Hurd'')
We have made three test releases of the Hurd, the most recent being 0.2.
The Hurd is currently much more reliable than previously, and various
utilities and file system translators, such as an FTP file system, have
been written that take advantage of the Hurd's unique design.
One way for people to help out is to compile and run as much third-party
free software as they can; in this way we can find bugs and deficiencies
with some rapidity. Volunteers with a PC are therefore eagerly sought to
get the 0.2 release and compile their favorite Unix programs and games.
Daily snapshots of the Hurd sources are now available for those that
want to see the latest (non-stable) version; see the Hurd page on the
FSF Web site, `http://www.gnu.ai.mit.edu', for more information.
* New Source Code CD! (see ``July 1997 Source Code CD-ROMs'')
We are currently releasing the July 1997 (Edition 10) Source Code CD-ROM.
Once again, it is a two disk set. It includes several new packages:
`aegis', `cook', `guavac', `lesstif', `prcs', `rsync', `swarm', & `vera'.
On the CD-ROMs are full distributions of X11R6.3, Emacs, GCC, and
current versions of all other GNU Software. See ``GNU Software'', for
more about these packages.
* New/Updated Manuals since Last Bulletin (see ``Documentation'')
Since the last bulletin, we have published several updated editions of
our manuals (note the price changes): `GNU Emacs Manual', revised for
GNU Emacs version 20, now $30; `Texinfo Manual', for version 3.11 of
Texinfo, now $25. We hope to have the following available very soon:
`GNU Tar Manual', first time in print, freshly reorganized and
rewritten, $20; `GNU Software for MS-Windows and MS-DOS', a book and
CD-ROM set with a variety of GNU software compiled for MS-DOS and
Windows 3.1/95/97/NT, $35 ($140 for corporate orders). Watch our Web
site, `http://www.gnu.ai.mit.edu', for announcements of these
publications.
* Fonts freed
A free commercial-quality set of the basic 35 Postscript Type 1 fonts is
now finally available. The copyright holder of these fonts, URW++
Design and Development Incorporated, has decided to release them under
the GPL. Each font includes `.pfb' (outlines), `.afm' (metrics), and
`.pfm' (Windows printer metrics) files. The fonts are compatible with
Adobe Type Manager and with general Type 1 manipulation tools, as well
as with Ghostscript and other Postscript language interpreters.
The fonts are available in `ghostscript-fonts-4.0.tar.gz' on the usual
FTP sites.
* DDD now works with LessTif (Also see ``GNU Software''.) Release 2.1.1
of DDD, the Data Display Debugger, now works with LessTif, a free Motif
clone.
* Give to GNU the United Way!
As a 501(c)3 tax-exempt organization, the FSF is eligible to receive
United Way funds. When donating to United Way, one can specify that all
or part of the donation be directed to the FSF. On the donor form,
check the "Specific Requests" box and include the sentence, "Send my
gift to the Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place, Suite 330,
Boston, MA 02111." We especially appreciate the donations from
Microsoft matching the United Way donations of their employees. Also
see ``Donations Translate Into Free Software'', and ``Cygnus
Matches Donations!''.
* Tapes and MS-DOS Diskettes No Longer Available from the FSF
We no longer offer tapes or MS-DOS diskettes due to very low demand.
* MS-DOS/MS-Windows Book and CD-ROM
This CD-ROM brings ports of GNU software to MS-DOS and MS-Windows
systems. Most major GNU packages have been ported, including Emacs,
GCC, BASH, development tools such as GDB and Make, as well as `gawk',
fileutils, textutils, shellutils, diffutils, & findutils. Packages for
desktop publishing such as Groff and TeX are also included.
Taken together, these programs present a coherent set of tools that will
make a typical MS-DOS/MS-Windows system much more powerful for any
computer-oriented task.
All of the programs include complete on-line documentation as well as
typeset and ready-to-print manuals.
A book that accompanies the CD-ROM explains how to set up the host system
for using the software and reading the documentation.
* The FSF Takes Discover
The Free Software Foundation now accepts the Discover card for orders or
donations. We also accept the following: Carte Blanche, Diner's Club,
JCB, MasterCard, Visa, and American Express. Note that we are charged
about 5% of an order's total amount in credit card processing fees;
please consider paying by check instead or adding on a 5% donation to
make up the difference. We do *not* recommend that you send credit card
numbers to us via email, since we have no way of insuring that the
information will remain confidential.
* MULE Merge Complete
MULE is the Multi-Lingual Emacs developed by Ken'ichi Handa at the
Electrotechnical Lab in Tsukuba, Japan. This code has been merged into
Emacs and is included in Emacs 20.
* GPC, the GNU Pascal Compiler
The GNU Pascal Compiler (GPC) is part of the GNU compiler family, GNU CC
or GCC. It combines a Pascal front end with the proven GNU compiler
backend for code generation and optimization. Unlike utilities such as
p2c, this is a true compiler, not just a converter.
Version 2.0 of GPC corresponds to GCC version 2.7.2.1.
The purpose of the GNU Pascal project is to produce a compiler which:
* combines the clarity of Pascal with powerful tools suitable for
real-life programming,
* supports both the Pascal standard and the Extended Pascal standard
as defined by ISO, ANSI and IEEE. (ISO 7185:1990, ISO/IEC
10206:1991, ANSI/IEEE 770X3.160-1989)
* supports other Pascal standards (UCSD Pascal, Borland Pascal,
Pascal-SC) in so far as this serves the goal of clarity and
usability,
* can generate code for and run on any computer for which the GNU C
Compiler can generate code and run on.
The current release (2.0) implements Standard Pascal (ISO 7185, level 0)
and a large subset of Extended Pascal (ISO 10206) and Borland Pascal.
The upcoming release 2.1 features better conformance to the various
Pascal standards, and of course bug fixes.
A growing group of GPC enthusiasts contributes to the project with code,
bug reports or fixes.
`http://agnes.dida.physik.uni-essen.de/~gnu-pascal/', also known as
`http://home.pages.de/~gnu-pascal/', is the GNU Pascal home page;
sources may be downloaded from `ftp://kampi.hut.fi/jtv/gnu-pascal/'
(official) or `ftp://agnes.dida.physik.uni-essen.de/pub/gnu-pascal/'
(development versions).
* GUILE
GUILE 1.2 is released. GNU's Ubiquitous Intelligent Language for
Extension is an SCM-based library that can make any ordinary C program
extensible. (For SCM info, see "JACAL" in ``GNU Software''.)
Nightly snapshots of the development sources are also available, in
`ftp://ftp.red-bean.com/pub/guile/guile-core-snap.tar.gz'.
Also being developed are SCSH-compatible system call & Tk interfaces, a
module system, dynamic linking support, & a byte-code interpreter.
Support for Emacs Lisp & a more C-like language is coming.
* A New FSF T-shirt!
We have a new T-shirt design. See ``FSF T-shirt'', for the description.
* New free game
In August 1995, the action game Abuse by Jonathan Clark was released for
the first time. It wasn't free software then--but now, less than two
years later, the company Crack dot Com has rereleased it as free
software. Abuse was initially developed on Linux-based GNU systems, and
we've included it on our our source CD set.
Beyond providing the free software community with a game that many
people enjoy, and code that could be useful for developing other free
games, this demonstrates an important fact about the economic
circumstances of computer game development: most non-free games bring
their profit in a very short period of time. Therefore, a game company
can turn a game into free software fairly soon, with little hardship.
Let's hope that other game developers follow this example.
Help the Translation Project
****************************
GNU is going international! The Translation Project gets users, translators,
& maintainers together, so free software will gradually get to speak many
native languages. As of April 1997, we have internationalized 27 packages
into 16 languages, using 159 translation files; the translation teams have
422 subscribed members.
To complete this Translation Project, we need many people who like their own
language and write it well, and who are also able to synergize with other
translators speaking the same language as part of "translation teams".
If you want to start a new team, or want more information on existing teams
or other aspects of this project, write `gnu-translation@iro.umontreal.ca'.
Also see ``GNU Software'', for information about `gettext', the tool the
Translation Project uses to help translators and programmers.
GNU & Other Free Software in Japan
**********************************
Mieko (`h-mieko@sra.co.jp') and Nobuyuki Hikichi (`hikichi@sra.co.jp')
continue to volunteer for the GNU Project in Japan. They translate each
issue of this Bulletin into Japanese and distribute it widely, along with the
translation of Version 2 of the GNU General Public License. This translation
of the GPL is authorized by the FSF and is available by anonymous FTP from
`ftp.sra.co.jp' in `/pub/gnu/local-fix/GPL2-j'. They are working on a formal
translation of the GNU Library General Public License. They also solicit
donations and offer GNU software consulting.
`nepoch' (the Japanese version of Epoch) & MULE are available and widely used
in Japan. MULE (the MULtilingual Enhancement of GNU Emacs) can handle many
character sets at once. Its features have been merged into the principal
version of Emacs. See ``GNU Software'', for more details on MULE. The FSF
does not distribute `nepoch', but MULE is available on the July 1997
Source Code CD-ROMs. FTP it from `sh.wide.ad.jp' in `/JAPAN/mule', or
`etlport.etl.go.jp' in `/pub/mule'.
The Village Center, Inc. prints a Japanese translation (ISBN 4-938704-02-1)
of the `GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual' and puts the Texinfo source on
various bulletin boards, and prints each issue of the Japanese GNU's Bulletin.
They also publish Nobuyuki & Mieko's `Think GNU' (ISBN 4-938704-10-2); this
may be the first non-FSF copylefted publication in Japan. They also
redistribute GNU CD-ROMs at this bookstore:
Shosen Grande
1-3-2 Kanda Jinbo-cho, Chiyoda-ku
Tokyo 101, Japan
Telephone: 03-3295-0011
Portions of Village Center's profits are donated to the FSF. Their address
is:
Village Center, Inc.
3-2 Kanda Jinbo-cho, Chiyoda-ku
Tokyo 101, Japan
Telephone: 03-3221-3520
URL: `http://www.villagecenter.co.jp/'
URL: `http://www.villagecenter.co.jp/gnu.html' for GNU products info
handling by Village Center
Addison-Wesley Publishers Japan Ltd. has printed Japanese translations of the
`GNU Make Manual' (ISBN 4-7952-9627-X), the `Gawk Manual' (ISBN
4-7952-9672-8), & the `Texinfo Manual' (ISBN 4-7952-9684-7), & will print the
Japanese `GNU Emacs Manual 19.34' & `Bison Manual' this July. Their address
is:
Addison-Wesley Publishers Japan Ltd.
Nichibou Bldg. 2F
1-2-2 Sarugaku-cho, Chiyoda-ku
Tokyo 101, Japan
Telephone: 03-3291-4581
The Japanese mailing list to discuss GPL'ed software and hardware is no
longer active. Ask `ishiz@muraoka.info.waseda.ac.jp' if you have any
questions about it.
Many groups in Japan now distribute GNU software. They include JUG, a PC
user group; ASCII, a periodical and book publisher; and the Fujitsu FM Towns
users group.
It is easy to place an order directly with the FSF from Japan, thus funding
new software. To get an FSF Order Form written in Japanese, ask
`japan-fsf-orders@prep.ai.mit.edu'. We encourage you to buy our software CDs:
for example, 150 CD-ROM orders at the corporate rate allow the FSF to hire a
programmer for a year to write more free software.
The Research Institute for Advanced Information Technology (AITEC) releases
ICOT Free Software (IFS) and other IFS related software to the public. IFS,
which pertains to the fields of parallel processing & knowledge processing,
was developed at ICOT in the Fifth Generation Computer Project & its
Follow-on Project.
Besides IFS, AITEC recently released as free software many software systems
developed by numerous research groups through AITEC's research funding
program. Through their Web pages, AITEC releases 20 major IFS programs, 80
other IFS programs, and 22 programs developed through AITEC's FY 1996
research funding program. AITEC will soon release new software systems
developed in FY 1997.
As of the end of May 1997, over 5,300 people have accessed AITEC's Web pages,
and almost 35,000 IFS files have been transferred since their first release
in 1992.
For more information, please see URL `http://www.icot.or.jp/'.
The ImageSearcher is an object-oriented program to search images by
specifying properties of the image itself, without relying on the name or
attributes of the file. It searches focusing on typical color, average
luminance, nine colors, image extent, center spectra, etc. It runs on
VisualWorks 2.5.1 (Smalltalk). As a result of the "eMMa Project" research
sponsored by IPA and SRA (written by Atsushi Aoki), the source code and
documentation are distributed under the GPL as free software, and are
available via FTP from host `ftp.sra.co.jp' in the file
`/pub/lang/smalltalk/ipa/VisualWorks2.5/IPA006.tar.gz'.
Forthcoming GNUs
****************
Information about the current status of released GNU programs can be found in
``GNU Software''. Here is some news of future plans.
* `e-scape'
`e-scape' is a graphical Web browser currently in development. We plan
to support CSS1, PNG, tables, and frames. XML support and client-side
scripting will likely be added eventually.
* `gnusql'
`gnusql' (formerly `gss') is the GNU SQL Server, a multiuser relational
DBMS. An alpha release is currently available.
* GNU Emacs (For current status, see ``GNU Software''.)
Future versions of Emacs will have support for variable-width fonts and
inclusion of graphics in a document. Also, perhaps, the ability to save
the undo history in a file (which allows you to undo older changes in
the history). Our long term plan is to move it in the direction of a
WYSIWYG word processor & make it easier for beginners to use.
* GNUstep (Also see "Objective-C Library" in ``GNU Software''.)
OpenStep is an object-oriented application programming interface
specification being proposed as an open object standard. Since its
announcement, there has been much interest in a GNU implementation,
named GNUstep. Work has begun on GNUstep, starting with a library
written in Objective-C. Much remains to be done to bring this library
close to the OpenStep specifications. Volunteers should contact
`mccallum@gnu.ai.mit.edu'. Also see `http://www.gnustep.org/'.
* `recode' (For current status, see ``GNU Software''.)
The next `recode' release should give more flexible control over
encodings of charsets, offer MIME conversions, & handle ISO-10646
(Unicode). It will install a library & support files to help work
towards internationalizing GNU.
* Teak
Teak, the GNU desktop interface, is intended to enable users with
minimal computer experience to browse the file system, launch programs,
& perform file manipulations. Teak is still in the early stages of
development, but here are some of the features planned for the first
release: view directories sorted by name, date, size, etc., or treat the
directory as a field of icons which the user may rearrange within the
window; drag-&-drop (edit a file by dragging it into an editor program's
window, or print a file by dropping it on a printer icon); & for easy
access, you can place icons for frequently-used files or programs
directly on the background of your screen.
For the second release, volunteers have offered to enhance Teak to
browse FTP sites, tar files, etc.
We have designed Teak around GUILE, which will simplify Teak, keep its
user interface flexible, & allow easy interaction with other GNU
programs.
Teak's developer, Jim Blandy, also works on GUILE. Jim has put aside
Teak to concentrate on GUILE; after enough progress has been made on
GUILE, he will be resuming his work on Teak.
Why do we call it Teak? "Because Teak makes a mighty fine desktop."
* C Interpreter
We hope to add interpreter facilities to our compiler and debugger. This
task is partly finished. GCC generates byte code for all supported
languages, but that support is in flux at this time. A new effort to
finish this work has begun. To make this work usable, we need to enhance
GDB to load the byte code dynamically. We would also like support for
compiling just a few selected functions in a file. Due to limited
resources, the FSF cannot fund this. Interested volunteers should
contact `gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu'.
* Fortran (For info on `f2c' & GCC, see ``GNU Software''.)
The GNU Fortran (`g77') front end is stable, but more work is needed to
bring its overall packaging, feature set, and performance up to the
levels the Fortran community expects. Tasks to be done include:
improving documentation and diagnostics; speeding up compilation,
especially for large, densely initialized data tables; completing
existing support for `INTEGER*2', `INTEGER*8', and similar features;
allowing intrinsics in `PARAMETER' statements; and providing debug
information on `COMMON' and `EQUIVALENCE' variables. We don't know when
these things will be done, but hope some will be finished in the coming
months. You can speed progress by working on them or by offering
funding.
A mailing list exists for announcements about `g77'. To subscribe, ask
`info-gnu-fortran-request@prep.ai.mit.edu'. To contact the developer of
`g77' or get current status, write or finger `fortran@gnu.ai.mit.edu'.
* The Dictionary Project
The FSF has a copy of the unabridged `Century Dictionary', now in the
public domain, and we are planning to put it online. We tried OCR, but
it wasn't reliable enough.
Russell Nelson is coordinating the project. Volunteers have entered
close to fifty pages so far, but the project needs more help; to
volunteer, send mail to `dictionary@gnu.ai.mit.edu' or contact the FSF.
This project provides a way for people without programming skills or
money to contribute to the GNU Project.
Free Software Support
*********************
The Free Software Foundation does not provide technical support. Our mission
is developing software, because that is the most time-efficient way to
increase what free software can do. We leave it to others to earn a living
providing support. We see programmers as providing a service, much as
doctors and lawyers do now; both medical and legal knowledge are freely
redistributable, but their practitioners charge for service.
The GNU Service Directory is a list of people who offer support & other
consulting services. It is `/pub/gnu/GNUinfo/SERVICE' on a GNU FTP host
(see ``How to Get GNU Software''), on the World Wide Web at URL
`http://www.gnu.ai.mit.edu/prep/service.html', in the file `etc/SERVICE' in
the Emacs distribution, & the file `SERVICE' in the GCC distribution.
Contact us to get it or to be listed in it. Service providers who share
their income with the FSF are listed in ``Help from Free Software
Companies''.
If you find a deficiency in any GNU software, we want to know. We have many
Internet mailing lists for bug reports, announcements, & questions. They are
also gatewayed into USENET news as our `gnu.*' newsgroups. Both are listed
in file `/pub/gnu/GNUinfo/MAILINGLISTS' on a GNU FTP host (see ``How to Get
GNU Software''), in the file `etc/MAILINGLISTS' in the Emacs distribution,
at URL `http://www.gnu.ai.mit.edu/prep/mailinglists.html' or request it from
either address on page 1.
When we receive a bug report, we usually try to fix the problem. While our
bug fixes may seem like individual assistance, they are not; they are part of
preparing a new improved version that helps all users. We may send you a
patch for a bug so that you can help us test the fix and ensure its quality.
If your bug report does not evoke a solution from us, you may still get one
from another user on our bug report mailing lists. Otherwise, use the
Service Directory.
Please do not ask us to help you install software or learn how to use it--but
do tell us how an installation script fails or where documentation is unclear.
When choosing a service provider, ask those you are considering how much they
do to assist free software development, e.g., by contributing money to free
software development or by writing free software improvements themselves for
general use. By basing your decision partially on this factor, you can
encourage those who profit from free software to contribute to its growth.
GNU Software
************
All our software is available via FTP; see ``How to Get GNU Software''.
We also offer CD-ROMs, and printed Documentation, which includes manuals
and reference cards. In the articles describing the contents of each
medium, the version number listed after each program name was current
when we published this Bulletin. When you order a newer CD-ROM, some
of the programs may be newer and therefore the version number higher.
See ``Free Software Foundation Order Form'', for ordering information.
Some of the contents of our FTP distributions are compressed. We have
software on our FTP sites to uncompress these files. Due to patent troubles
with `compress', we use another compression program, `gzip'.
You may need to build GNU `make' before you build our other software. Some
vendors supply no `make' utility at all and some native `make' programs lack
the `VPATH' feature essential for using the GNU configure system to its full
extent. The GNU `make' sources have a shell script to build `make' itself on
such systems.
We welcome all bug reports and enhancements sent to the appropriate
electronic mailing list (see ``Free Software Support'').
Configuring GNU Software
------------------------
We are using Autoconf, a uniform scheme for configuring GNU software packages
in order to compile them (see "Autoconf" and "Automake" below, in this
article). The goal is to have all GNU software support the same alternatives
for naming machine and system types.
Ultimately, it will be possible to configure and build the entire system all
at once, eliminating the need to configure each individual package separately.
You can also specify both the host and target system to build
cross-compilation tools. Most GNU programs now use Autoconf-generated
configure scripts.
GNU Software Now Available
--------------------------
For future programs and features, see ``Forthcoming GNUs''.
Key to cross reference:
BinCD January 1997 Binaries CD-ROM
SrcCD July 1997 Source CD-ROMs
[FSFman] shows that we sell a manual for that package. [FSFrc] shows we sell
a reference card for that package. To order them, see ``Free Software
Foundation Order Form''. See ``Documentation'', for more information on the
manuals. Source code for each manual or reference card is included with each
package.
* `abuse' *Also see ``GNUs Flashes''* (SrcCD)
The recently-freed program `abuse' is a dark, side-scrolling game with
Robotron-esque controls: you control your movement with the keyboard and
fire & aim with the mouse. You can get more info at
`http://crack.com/games/abuse'.
* acct (SrcCD)
acct is a system accounting package. It includes the programs `ac'
(summariize login accounting), `accton' (turn accounting on or off),
`last' (show who has logged in recently), `lastcomm' (show which
commands have been used), `sa' (summarize process accounting),
`dump-utmp' (print a `utmp' file in human-readable format), &
`dump-acct' (print an `acct' or `pacct' file in human-readable format).
* `acm' (SrcCD)
`acm' is a LAN-oriented, multiplayer, aerial combat simulation that runs
under the X Window System. Players engage in air to air combat against
one another using heat seeking missiles and cannons. We are working on
a more accurate simulation of real airplane flight characteristics.
* aegis (SrcCD)
Aegis is a transaction-based software configuration management system.
It provides a framework within which a team of developers may work on
many changes to a program concurrently, and Aegis coordinates
integrating these changes back into the master source of the program,
with as little disruption as possible.
* Apache *Also see* `http://www.apache.org/' (SrcCD)
Apache is an HTTP server designed as a successor to the NCSA family of
Web servers. It adds a significant amount of new functionality, has an
extensive API for modular enhancements, is extremely flexible without
compromising speed, and has an active development group and user
community.
* Autoconf (SrcCD)
Autoconf produces shell scripts which automatically configure source code
packages. These scripts adapt the packages to many kinds of Unix-like
systems without manual user intervention. Autoconf creates a script for
a package from a template file which lists the operating system features
which the package can use, in the form of `m4' macro calls. Autoconf
requires GNU `m4' to operate, but the resulting configure scripts it
generates do not.
* Automake (SrcCD)
Automake is a tool for generating `Makefile.in' files for use with
Autoconf. The generated makefiles are compliant with GNU Makefile
standards.
* BASH (SrcCD)
GNU's shell, BASH (Bourne Again SHell), is compatible with the Unix `sh'
and offers many extensions found in `csh' and `ksh'. BASH has job
control, `csh'-style command history, command-line editing (with Emacs
and `vi' modes built-in), and the ability to rebind keys via the
`readline' library. BASH conforms to the POSIX 1003.2-1992 standard.
* bc (SrcCD)
`bc' is an interactive algebraic language with arbitrary precision
numbers. GNU `bc' follows the POSIX 1003.2-1992 standard with several
extensions, including multi-character variable names, an `else'
statement, and full Boolean expressions. The RPN calculator `dc' is now
distributed as part of the same package, but GNU `bc' is not implemented
as a `dc' preprocessor.
* BFD (BinCD, SrcCD)
The Binary File Descriptor library allows a program which operates on
object files (e.g., `ld' or GDB) to support many different formats in a
clean way. BFD provides a portable interface, so that only BFD needs to
know the details of a particular format. One result is that all
programs using BFD will support formats such as a.out, COFF, and ELF.
BFD comes with Texinfo source for a manual (not yet published on paper).
At present, BFD is not distributed separately; it is included with
packages that use it.
* Binutils (BinCD, SrcCD)
Binutils includes these programs: `addr2line', `ar', `c++filt', `gas',
`gprof', `ld', `nm', `objcopy', `objdump', `ranlib', `size', `strings', &
`strip'.
Binutils version 2 uses the BFD library. The GNU assembler, `gas',
supports the a29k, Alpha, ARM, D10V, H8/300, H8/500, HP-PA, i386, i960,
M32R, m68k, m88k, MIPS, Matsushita 10200 and 10300, NS32K, PowerPC,
RS/6000, SH, SPARC, Tahoe, Vax, and Z8000 CPUs, and attempts to be
compatible with many other assemblers for Unix and embedded systems. It
can produce mixed C and assembly listings, and includes a macro facility
similar to that in some other assemblers. GNU's linker, `ld', supports
shared libraries on many systems, emits source-line numbered error
messages for multiply-defined symbols and undefined references, and
interprets a superset of AT&T's Linker Command Language, which gives
control over where segments are placed in memory. `objdump' can
disassemble code for most of the CPUs listed above, and can display
other data (e.g., symbols and relocations) from any file format read by
BFD.
* Bison (BinCD, SrcCD) [FSFman, FSFrc]
Bison is an upwardly compatible replacement for the parser generator
`yacc'. Texinfo source for the `Bison Manual' and reference card are
included.
* C Library (`glibc') (BinCD, SrcCD) [FSFman]
The GNU C library supports ISO C-1989, ISO C/amendment 1-1995, POSIX
1003.1-1990, POSIX 1003.1b-1993, POSIX 1003.1c-1995 (when the underlying
system permits), & most of the functions in POSIX 1003.2-1992. It is
nearly compliant with the extended XPG4.2 specification which guarantees
upward compatibility with 4.4BSD & many System V functions.
When used with the GNU Hurd, the C Library performs many functions of the
Unix system calls directly. Mike Haertel has written a fast `malloc'
which wastes less memory than the old GNU version.
GNU `stdio' lets you define new kinds of streams, just by writing a few
C functions. Two methods for handling translated messages help writing
internationalized programs & the user can adopt the environment the
program runs in to conform with local conventions. Extended `getopt'
functions are already used to parse options, including long options, in
many GNU utilities. The name lookup functions now are modularized which
makes it easier to select the service which is needed for the specific
database & the document interface makes it easy to add new services.
Texinfo source for the `GNU C Library Reference Manual' is included
(see ``Documentation'').
Previous versions of the GNU C library ran on a large number of systems.
The architecture-dependent parts of the C library have not been updated
since development on version 2.0 started, so today it runs out of the
box only on GNU/Hurd (all platforms GNU/Hurd also runs on) & GNU/Linux
(ix86, Alpha, m68k, MIPS, Sparc, PowerPC; work is in progress for ARM).
Other architectures will become available again as soon as somebody does
the port.
* C++ Library (`libg++') (BinCD, SrcCD)
The GNU C++ library (traditionally called `libg++') includes libstdc++,
which implements the library facilities defined by the forthcoming ISO
C++ standard. This includes strings, iostream, and various container
classes. All of this is templatized.
The package also contains the older libg++ library for backward
compatibility, but new programs should avoid using it.
* Calc (SrcCD) [FSFman, FSFrc]
Calc (written by Dave Gillespie in Emacs Lisp) is an extensible, advanced
desk calculator & mathematical tool that runs as part of GNU Emacs. You
can use Calc as a simple four-function calculator, but it has many more
features including: choice of algebraic or RPN (stack-based) entry;
logarithmic, trigonometric, & financial functions; arbitrary precision;
complex numbers; vectors; matrices; dates; times; infinities; sets;
algebraic simplification; & differentiation & integration. It outputs
to `gnuplot', & comes with source for a manual & reference card (see
``Documentation'').
* `cfengine' (SrcCD)
`cfengine' is used to maintain site-wide configuration of a
heterogeneous Unix network using a simple high level language. Its
appearance is similar to `rdist', but allows many more operations to be
performed automatically. See Mark Burgess, "A Site Configuration
Engine", `Computing Systems', Vol. 8, No. 3 (ask `office@usenix.org' how
to get a copy).
* Chess (SrcCD)
GNU Chess enables you to play a game of chess with a computer instead of
a person. It is useful to practice with when there are significant
spare cpu cycles and a real person is unavailable.
The program offers a plain terminal interface, one using curses, and a
reasonable X Windows interface `xboard'. Best results are obtained by
compiling with GNU C.
Improvements this past year are in the Windows-compatible version,
mostly bugfixes.
Stuart Cracraft started the GNU mascot back in the mid-1980's. John
Stanback (and innumerable contributors) are responsible for GNU's brain
development and its fair play. Acknowledgements for the past year's
work are due Conor McCarthy.
Send bugs to `bug-gnu-chess@prep.ai.mit.edu' & general comments to
`info-gnu-chess@prep.ai.mit.edu'. Visit the author's Web site at
`http://www.earthlink.net/~cracraft/index.html'. Play GNU Chess on the
Web at `http://www.delorie.com/game-room/chess'.
* CLISP (SrcCD)
CLISP is a Common Lisp implementation by Bruno Haible & Michael Stoll.
It mostly supports the Lisp described by `Common LISP: The Language (2nd
edition)' & the ANSI Common Lisp standard. CLISP includes an
interpreter, a byte-compiler, a large subset of CLOS & a foreign language
interface. The user interface language (English, German, French) can be
chosen at run time. An X11 API is available through CLX & Garnet.
CLISP needs only 2 MB of memory & runs on all kinds of Unix systems & on
many microcomputers (including MS-DOS systems, OS/2, Windows NT, Windows
95, Amiga 500-4000, & Acorn RISC PC). See also item "Common Lisp",
which describes GCL, a complete Common Lisp implementation with compiler.
* CLX (SrcCD)
CLX is an X Window interface library for GCL. This is separate from the
built-in TK interface.
* Common Lisp (`gcl') (SrcCD)
GNU Common Lisp (GCL, formerly known as Kyoto Common Lisp) is a compiler
& interpreter for Common Lisp. GCL is very portable & extremely
efficient on a wide class of applications, & compares favorably in
performance with commercial Lisps on several large theorem-prover &
symbolic algebra systems. GCL supports the CLtL1 specification but is
moving towards the proposed ANSI standard.
GCL compiles to C & then uses the native optimizing C compiler (e.g.,
GCC). A function with a fixed number of args & one value turns into a C
function of the same number of args, returning one value--so GCL is
maximally efficient on such calls. Its conservative garbage collector
gives great freedom to the C compiler to put Lisp values in registers.
It has a source level Lisp debugger for interpreted code & displays
source code in an Emacs window. Its profiler (based on the C profiling
tools) counts function calls & the time spent in each function.
There is now a built-in interface to the Tk widget system. It runs in a
separate process, so users may monitor progress on Lisp computations or
interact with running computations via a windowing interface.
There is also an Xlib interface via C (xgcl-2). CLX runs with GCL, as
does PCL (see "PCL" later in this article).
GCL version 2.2.2 is released under the GNU Library General Public
License.
* cook (SrcCD)
Cook is a tool for constructing files, and maintaining referential
integrity between files. It is given a set of files to create, and
recipes of how to create and maintain them. In any non-trivial program
there will be prerequisites to performing the actions necessary to
creating any file, such as include files. The `cook' program provides a
mechanism to define these.
Some features which distinguish Cook include a strong procedural
description language, and fingerprints to supplement file modification
time stamps. There is also a `make2cook' utility included to ease
transition.
* `cpio' (SrcCD)
`cpio' is an archive program with all the features of SVR4 `cpio',
including support for the final POSIX 1003.1 `ustar' standard. `mt', a
program to position magnetic tapes, is included with `cpio'.
* CVS (SrcCD)
CVS is a version control system (like RCS or SCCS) which allows you to
keep old versions of files (usually source code), keep a log of who,
when, and why changes occurred, etc. It handles multiple developers,
multiple directories, triggers to enable/log/control various operations,
and can work over a wide area network. It does not handle build
management or bug-tracking; these are handled by `make' and GNATS,
respectively.
* `cxref' (SrcCD)
`cxref' is a program that will produce documentation (in LaTeX or HTML)
including cross-references from C program source code. It has been
designed to work with ANSI C, incorporating K&R, and most popular GNU
extensions. The documentation for the subject program is produced from
comments in the code that are appropriately formatted. The cross
referencing comes from the code itself and requires no extra work.
* DDD (SrcCD)
The Data Display Debugger (DDD) is a common graphical user interface to
GDB, DBX, and XDB, the popular Unix debuggers. DDD provides a graphical
data display where complex data structures can be explored incrementally
and interactively. DDD has been designed to compete with well-known
commercial debuggers; as of release 2.1.1, DDD also compiles and runs
with LessTif, a free Motif clone, without loss of functionality. For
more details, see the DDD WWW page at
`http://www.cs.tu-bs.de/softech/ddd/'.
* DejaGnu (SrcCD)
DejaGnu is a framework to test programs with a single front end for all
tests. DejaGnu's flexibility & consistency makes it easy to write tests.
DejaGnu will also work with remote hosts and embedded systems.
DejaGnu comes with `expect', which runs scripts to conduct dialogs with
programs.
* Diffutils (SrcCD)
GNU `diff' compares files showing line-by-line changes in several
flexible formats. It is much faster than traditional Unix versions. The
Diffutils package has `diff', `diff3', `sdiff', & `cmp'. Future plans
include support for internationalization (e.g., error messages in
Chinese) & some non-Unix PC environments, & a library interface that can
be used by other free software.
* DJGPP *Also see "GCC" below* (BinCD)
DJ Delorie has ported GCC/G++ to i386s running DOS. DJGPP has a 32-bit
i386 DOS extender with a symbolic debugger, development libraries, &
ports of Bison, `flex', & Binutils. Full source code is provided. It
needs at least 5MB of hard disk space to install & 512K of RAM to use.
It supports SVGA (up to 1024x768), XMS & VDISK memory allocation,
`himem.sys', VCPI (e.g., QEMM, DESQview, & 386MAX), & DPMI (e.g.,
Windows 3.x, OS/2, QEMM, & QDPMI). Version 2 was released in Feb. 1996,
& needs a DPMI environment; a free DPMI server is included.
WWW at `http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/' or FTP from `ftp.simtel.net' in
`/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/' (or a SimTel mirror site).
Ask `listserv@delorie.com', to join a DJGPP users mailing list.
* `dld' (SrcCD)
`dld' is a dynamic linker written by W. Wilson Ho. Linking your program
with the `dld' library allows you to dynamically load object files into
the running binary. `dld' supports a.out object types on the following
platforms: Convex C-Series (BSD), i386/i486/Pentium (GNU/Linux), Sequent
Symmetry i386 (Dynix 3), Sun-3 (SunOS 3 & 4), Sun-4 (SunOS 4), & VAX
(Ultrix).
* `doschk' (SrcCD)
This program is a utility to help software developers ensure that their
source file names are distinguishable on System V platforms with
14-character filenames and on MS-DOS systems with 8+3 character
filenames.
* `ed' (SrcCD)
`ed' is the standard text editor. It is line-oriented and can be used
interactively or in scripts.
* Elib (SrcCD)
Elib is a small library of Emacs Lisp functions, including routines for
using AVL trees and doubly-linked lists.
* Elisp archive (SrcCD)
This is a snapshot of Ohio State's GNU Emacs Lisp FTP Archive. FTP it
from `archive.cis.ohio-state.edu' in `/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive'.
* Emacs *Also see ``GNUs Flashes''* [FSFman(s), FSFrc]
In 1975, Richard Stallman developed the first Emacs, an extensible,
customizable real-time display editor & computing environment. GNU Emacs
is his second implementation. It offers true Lisp--smoothly integrated
into the editor--for writing extensions & provides an interface to the X
Window System. It runs on Unix, MS-DOS, & Windows NT or 95. In
addition to its powerful native command set, Emacs can emulate the
editors vi & EDT (DEC's VMS editor). Emacs has many other features which
make it a full computing support environment. Source for the `GNU Emacs
Manual' & a reference card comes with the software. Sources for the
`GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual', and `Programming in Emacs Lisp: An
Introduction' are distributed in separate packages. See
``Documentation''.
* Emacs 20 (SrcCD) [FSFman(s), FSFrc]
Emacs 20.1 was just released recently. Its main new features include
support for many languages and many character codes (the MULE facility)
and a new convenient customization feature. The text-filling commands
handle indented and bulleted paragraphs conveniently; there are new help
facilities for looking up documentation about functions and symbols in
various languages. A new method of file-locking works even when using
NFS. Some dired commands have been made more systematic.
We believe Emacs 20 operates on the same systems as Emacs 19, but we do
not have confirmation for all of them.
* Emacs 19 (SrcCD) [FSFman(s), FSFrc]
Emacs 19 works with character-only terminals & with the X Window System
(with or without an X toolkit). It also runs on MS-DOS, MS Windows, and
with multiple-window support on MS Windows 95/NT.
Emacs 19 works on: Acorn RISC (RISCiX); Alliant FX/2800 (BSD); Alpha
(OSF/1 or GNU/Linux); Apollo (DomainOS); Bull DPX/2 2nn & 3nn (SysV.3) &
sps7 (SysV.2); Clipper; Convex (BSD); Cubix QBx (SysV); Data General
Aviion (DGUX); DEC MIPS (Ultrix 4.2, OSF/1, not VMS); Elxsi 6400 (SysV);
Gould Power Node & NP1 (4.2 & 4.3BSD); Harris Night Hawk 1200, 3000,
4000 & 5000 (cxux); Harris Night Hawk Power PC (powerunix); Honeywell
XPS100 (SysV); HP 9000 series 200, 300, 700, 800 (but not 500) (4.3BSD;
HP-UX 7, 8, 9; NextStep); Intel i386/i486/Pentium (GNU/Hurd, GNU/Linux,
386BSD, AIX, BSDI/386, FreeBSD, Esix, ISC, MS-DOS, NetBSD, SCO3.2v4,
Solaris, SysV, Xenix, WindowsNT, Windows95); IBM RS/6000 (AIX 3.2) &
RT/PC (AIX, BSD); Motorola Delta 147 & 187 (SysV.3, SysV.4, m88kbcs);
National Semiconductor 32K (Genix); NeXT (BSD, Mach 2 w/ NeXTStep 3.0);
Paragon (OSF/1); Prime EXL (SysV); Pyramid (BSD); Sequent Symmetry (BSD,
ptx); Siemens RM400 & RM600 (SysV); SGI Iris 4D (Irix 4.x & 5.x); Sony
News/RISC (NewsOS); Stardent i860 (SysV); Sun 3 & 4, SPARC 1, 1+, 2, 10,
Classic (SunOS 4.0, 4.1, Solaris 2.0-2.3); Tadpole 68k (SysV); Tektronix
XD88 (SysV.3) & 4300 (BSD); & Titan P2 & P3 (SysV).
* Emacs 18 (SrcCD) [FSFrc]
Emacs 18 is several years old. We no longer maintain it, but still
distribute it for those using platforms which Emacs 19 does not support.
* `enscript' (SrcCD)
`enscript' is an upwardly-compatible replacement for the Adobe
`enscript' program. It formats ASCII files (outputting in Postscript)
and stores generated output to a file or sends it directly to the
printer.
* `es' (SrcCD)
`es' is an extensible shell (based on `rc') with first-class functions,
lexical scope, exceptions, and rich return values (i.e., functions can
return values other than just numbers). `es''s extensibility comes from
the ability to modify and extend the shell's built-in services, such as
path searching and redirection. Like `rc', it is great for both
interactive use and scripting, particularly since its quoting rules are
much less baroque than the C and Bourne shells.
* Exim (SrcCD)
Exim is a new Internet mail transfer agent, similar in style to Smail 3.
It can handle relatively high volume mail systems, header rewriting,
control over which hosts/nets may use it as a relay, blocking of
unwanted mail from specified hosts/nets/senders, and multiple local
domains on one mail host ("virtual domains") with several options for
the way these are handled.
* `f2c' *Also see "Fortran" below & in ``Forthcoming GNUs''*
(SrcCD)
`f2c' converts Fortran-77 source into C or C++, which can be compiled
with GCC or G++. Get bug fixes by FTP from site `netlib.bell-labs.com'
or by email from `netlib@netlib.bell-labs.com'. For a summary, see the
file `/netlib/f2c/readme.gz'.
* `ffcall' (SrcCD)
`ffcall' is a C library for implementing foreign function calls in
embedded interpreters by Bill Triggs and Bruno Haible. It allows C
functions with arbitrary argument lists and return types to be called or
emulated (callbacks).
* Fileutils (SrcCD)
The Fileutils are: `chgrp', `chmod', `chown', `cp', `dd', `df', `dir',
`dircolors', `du', `install', `ln', `ls', `mkdir', `mkfifo', `mknod',
`mv', `rm', `rmdir', `sync', `touch', & `vdir'.
* Findutils (SrcCD)
`find' is frequently used both interactively and in shell scripts to
find files which match certain criteria and perform arbitrary operations
on them. Also included are `locate', which scans a database for file
names that match a pattern, and `xargs', which applies a command to a
list of files.
* Finger (SrcCD)
GNU Finger has more features than other finger programs. For sites with
many hosts, a single host may be designated as the finger "server" host
and other hosts at that site configured as finger "clients". The server
host collects information about who is logged in on the clients. To
finger a user at a GNU Finger site, a query to any of its client hosts
gets useful information. GNU Finger supports many customization
features, including user output filters and site-programmable output for
special target names.
* `flex' (BinCD, SrcCD) [FSFman, FSFrc]
`flex' is a replacement for the `lex' scanner generator. `flex' was
written by Vern Paxson of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and generates
far more efficient scanners than `lex' does. Sources for the `Flex
Manual' and reference card are included (see ``Documentation'').
* Fontutils (SrcCD)
The Fontutils convert between font formats, create fonts for use with
Ghostscript or TeX (starting with a scanned type image & converting the
bitmaps to outlines), etc. It includes: `bpltobzr', `bzrto',
`charspace', `fontconvert', `gsrenderfont', `imageto', `imgrotate',
`limn', & `xbfe'.
* Fortran (`g77') *Also see ``Forthcoming GNUs''* (BinCD, SrcCD)
GNU Fortran (`g77'), developed by Craig Burley, is available for public
beta testing on the Internet. For now, `g77' produces code that is
mostly object-compatible with `f2c' & uses the same run-time library
(`libf2c').
* `gawk' (SrcCD) [FSFman]
`gawk' is upwardly compatible with the latest POSIX specification of
`awk'. It also provides several useful extensions not found in other
`awk' implementations. Texinfo source for the `The GNU Awk User's
Guide' comes with the software (see ``Documentation'').
* `gcal' (SrcCD)
`gcal' is a program for printing calendars. It displays different
styled calendar sheets, eternal holiday lists, and fixed date warning
lists.
* GCC (BinCD, SrcCD) [FSFman]
Version 2 of the GNU C Compiler supports the languages C, C++, and
Objective-C; the source file name suffix or a compiler option selects
the language. (Also see "GNAT" later in this article for Ada language
supports.) Objective-C support was donated by NeXT. The runtime
support needed to run Objective-C programs is now distributed with GCC.
(This does not include any Objective-C classes aside from `object', but
see "GNUstep" in ``Forthcoming GNUs''.) G++ seeks to be compliant
with the ANSI C++ language standard.
GCC is a fairly portable optimizing compiler which performs many
optimizations. They include: automatic register allocation, common
sub-expression elimination (CSE) (including a certain amount of CSE
between basic blocks - though not all the supported machine descriptions
provide for scheduling or delay slots), invariant code motion from
loops, induction variable optimizations, constant propagation, copy
propagation, delayed popping of function call arguments, tail recursion
elimination, integration of inline functions & frame pointer elimination,
instruction scheduling, loop unrolling, filling of delay slots, leaf
function optimization, optimized multiplication by constants, the
ability to assign attributes to instructions, & many local optimizations
automatically deduced from the machine description.
GCC can open-code most arithmetic on 64-bit values (type `long long
int'). It supports extended floating point (type `long double') on the
68k; other machines will follow. GCC supports full ANSI C, traditional
C, & GNU C extensions (including: nested functions support, nonlocal
gotos, & taking the address of a label).
GCC can generate a.out, COFF, ELF, & OSF-Rose files when used with a
suitable assembler. It can produce debugging information in these
formats: BSD stabs, COFF, ECOFF, ECOFF with stabs, & DWARF.
GCC generates code for many CPUs, including the a29k, Alpha, ARM, AT&T,
DSP1610, Clipper, Convex cN, Elxsi, Fujitsu Gmicro, i370, i860, i960,
MIL-STD-1750a, MIPS, ns32k, PDP-11, Pyramid, ROMP, RS/6000, SH, SPUR,
Tahoe, VAX, & we32k.
Position-independent code is generated for the Clipper, Hitachi H8/300,
HP-PA (1.0 & 1.1), i386/i486/Pentium, m68k, m88k, SPARC, & SPARClite.
Operating systems supported include: GNU/Hurd, GNU/Linux, ACIS, AIX, AOS,
BSD, Clix, Concentrix, Ctix, DG/UX, Dynix, FreeBSD, Genix, HP-UX, Irix,
ISC, Luna, LynxOS, Minix, NetBSD, NewsOS, NeXTStep, OS/2, OSF, OSF-Rose,
RISCOS, SCO, Solaris 2, SunOS 4, System/370, SysV, Ultrix, Unos, VMS, &
Windows/NT.
Using the configuration scheme for GCC, building a cross-compiler is as
easy as building a native compiler.
Texinfo source for the `Using and Porting GNU CC' manual is included
with GCC (see ``Documentation'').
* GDB (BinCD, SrcCD) [FSFman, FSFrc]
GDB, the GNU DeBugger, is a source-level debugger for C, C++, & Fortran.
It provides partial support for Modula-2 & Chill.
GDB can debug both C & C++, & will work with executables made by many
different compilers; but, C++ debugging will have some limitations if
you do not use GCC.
GDB has a command line user interface, and Emacs has GDB mode as an
interface. Two X interfaces (not distributed or maintained by the FSF)
are: `gdbtk' (FTP it from `ftp.cygnus.com' in directory `/pub/gdb'); and
`xxgdb' (FTP it from `ftp.x.org' in directory `/contrib/utilities').
Executable files and symbol tables are read via the BFD library, which
allows a single copy of GDB to debug programs with multiple object file
formats (e.g., a.out, COFF, ELF). Other features include a rich command
language, remote debugging over serial lines or TCP/IP, and watchpoints
(breakpoints triggered when the value of an expression changes).
GDB uses a standard remote interface to a simulator library which
includes simulators for the ARM, Hitachi H8/300, Hitachi SH, & PowerPC.
GDB can perform cross-debugging. To say that GDB "targets" a platform
means it can perform native or cross-debugging for it. To say that GDB
can "host" a given platform means that it can be built on it, but cannot
necessarily debug native programs.
GDB can:
* "target" & "host": Amiga 3000 (AmigaOS, Amix, NetBSD), DEC Alpha
(OSF/1), DECstation 3100 & 5000 (Ultrix), HP 9000/300 (BSD, HP-UX),
HP 9000/700 (HP-UX 9, 10), i386/i486/Pentium (GNU/Hurd, GNU/Linux,
BSD, FreeBSD, LynxOS, NetBSD, SCO, Windows NT), IBM RS/6000 (AIX
3.x, AIX 4.x, LynxOS), Motorola Delta m88k (System V, CX/UX),
Motorola m68k MVME-167 (LynxOS), NCR 3000 (SVR4), PC532 (NetBSD),
PowerPC (AIX 4.x, MacOS, Windows NT), SGI (Irix V3, V4, V5), SONY
News (NewsOS 3.x), SPARC (LynxOS, NetBSD, Solaris 2.x, & SunOS 4.1),
& Sun-3 (SunOS 4.1).
* "target", but not "host": AMD 29000, ARM (RDP), Fujitsu SPARClite,
Hitachi H8/300, Hitachi SH (CMON, SH3, E7000), HP PA Pro (Winbond,
Oki), i960 (MON960, Nindy, VxWorks), m68k/m68332 (CPU32BUG, EST,
ROM68K, VxWorks), Matra Sparclet, MIPS (IDT, PMON, VxWorks),
PowerPC (PPCBug), & Z8000.
* "host", but not "target": HP/Apollo 68k (BSD), IBM RT/PC (AIX), &
m68k Apple Macintosh (MacOS). Sources for the manual,
`Debugging with GDB', and a reference card are included (see
``Documentation'').
* `gdbm' (SrcCD)
`gdbm' is the GNU replacement for the traditional `dbm' and `ndbm'
libraries. It implements a database using quick lookup by hashing.
`gdbm' does not ordinarily make sparse files (unlike its Unix and BSD
counterparts).
* Generic NQS (SrcCD)
Generic NQS is a network queuing system for spreading batch jobs across a
network of machines. It is designed to be simple to install on a
heterogeneous network of machines, and has optimizations for running on
the high end, symmetric multiprocessing servers that are currently on the
market. It is available for many more Unix variants than any other
comparable product, and inter-operates with other NQS systems, including
Cray's NQE.
* `geomview' *See* `http://www.geom.umn.edu/software/geomview' (SrcCD)
`geomview' is an interactive geometry viewing program, for Unix systems
with Motif, using X, GL, or OpenGL graphics. It allows multiple
independently controllable objects and cameras. External programs may
drive desired aspects of the viewer, e.g. loading changing geometry or
controlling motion, while allowing interactive mouse-and-GUI control of
everything else. Controllable features include motion, appearance
(wireframe, shading, lighting and material properties), mouse-based
selection, snapshoting (PPM or SGI image, Postscript, and RenderMan
formats), display in hyperbolic and spherical spaces, and projection
from higher dimensions. Includes converters to display Mathematica and
Maple 3-D graphics, and limited conversion to/from VRML.
* `gettext' *Also see ``Help the Translation Project''* (SrcCD)
The GNU `gettext' tool set has everything maintainers need to
internationalize a package's user messages. Once a package has been
internationalized, `gettext''s many tools help translators localize
messages to their native language and automate handling the translation
files.
* `gforth' (SrcCD)
`gforth' is a fast, portable implementation of the ANS Forth language.
* Ghostscript (SrcCD)
Ghostscript is an interpreter for the Postscript and PDF graphics
languages.
The current version of GNU Ghostscript, 3.53, includes a Postscript
Level 2 interpreter and a PDF 1.1 interpreter (except for encryption).
Significant new features include the ability to convert PDF to
Postscript.
Ghostscript executes commands in the Postscript and PDF languages by
writing directly to a printer, drawing on an X window, or writing to
files for printing later or manipulating with other graphics programs.
Ghostscript includes a C-callable graphics library (for client programs
that do not want to deal with the Postscript language). It also runs on
MS-DOS, MS Windows, OS/2, OpenVMS, and Mac OS (native on both 68K and
PowerPC) (but please do *not* ask the FSF staff any questions about this;
we do not use these operating systems).
* Ghostview (SrcCD)
Tim Theisen, `ghostview@cs.wisc.edu', created Ghostview, a previewer for
multi-page files with an X Window interface. Ghostview & Ghostscript
work together; Ghostview creates a viewing window & Ghostscript draws in
it.
* GIT (SrcCD)
The GNU Interactive Tools package includes: an extensible file system
browser, an ASCII/hex file viewer, a process viewer/killer, & other
related utilities & shell scripts. It can be used to increase the speed
& efficiency of many daily tasks, such as copying & moving files &
directories, invoking editors, compressing/uncompressing files, creating
& expanding archives, compiling programs, sending mail, etc. It looks
nice, has colors (if the standard ANSI color sequences are supported), &
is user-friendly.
* gmp (SrcCD)
GNU mp is a library for arithmetic on arbitrary precision integers,
rational numbers, and floating-point numbers. It has a rich set of
functions with a regular interface.
A major new release, version 2, came out in Spring '96. Compared to
previous versions, it is much faster, contains lots of new functions, &
has support for arbitrary precision floating-point numbers.
* GN (SrcCD)
GN is a gopher/HTTP server.
* Gnans (SrcCD)
Gnans is a program (and language) for the numerical study of
deterministic and stochastic dynamical systems. The dynamical systems
may evolve in continuous or discrete time. Gnans has graphical &
command line interfaces.
* GNAT: The GNU Ada Translator (SrcCD)
GNAT, a front end for the entire Ada 95 language, including all special
needs annexes, is available via anonymous FTP from `cs.nyu.edu' and
various mirror sites in `/pub/gnat'. SGI, DEC, and Siemens Nixdorf have
chosen GNU Ada 95 as the Ada compiler for some of their systems. GNAT
is maintained by Ada Core Technologies. For more information, see
`http://www.gnat.com'.
* GNATS (SrcCD)
GNATS, GNats: A Tracking System, is a bug-tracking system. It is based
upon the paradigm of a central site or organization which receives
problem reports and negotiates their resolution by electronic mail.
Although it has been used primarily as a software bug-tracking system so
far, it is sufficiently generalized that it could be used for handling
system administration issues, project management, or any number of other
applications.
* GnuGo (SrcCD)
GnuGo plays the game of Go. It is not yet very sophisticated.
* GNUMATH (`gnussl') (SrcCD)
GNUMATH is a library (`gnussl') that simplifies scientific programming
in C & C++. Its focus is on problems that can be solved by a
straight-forward application of numerical linear algebra. It also
handles plotting. It is in beta release; it is expected to grow more
versatile & offer a wider scope in time.
* `gnuplot' (SrcCD)
`gnuplot' is an interactive program for plotting mathematical
expressions and data. It plots both curves (2 dimensions) & surfaces (3
dimensions). It was neither written nor named for the GNU Project; the
name is a coincidence. Various GNU programs use `gnuplot'.
* `gnuserv' (SrcCD)
`gnuserv' is an enhanced version of Emacs' `emacsclient' program. It
lets the user direct a running Emacs to edit files or evaluate arbitrary
Emacs Lisp constructs from another process.
* `gpc' *Also see ``GNUs Flashes''* (SrcCD)
`gpc' is the GNU Pascal Compiler.
* grep (SrcCD)
This package has GNU `grep', `egrep', and `fgrep', which find lines that
match entered patterns. They are much faster than the traditional Unix
versions.
* Groff (SrcCD)
Groff is a document formatting system based on a device-independent
version of `troff', & includes: `eqn', `nroff', `pic', `refer', `tbl',
`troff'; the `man', `ms', & `mm' macros; & drivers for Postscript, TeX
`dvi' format, the LaserJet 4 series of printers, and typewriter-like
devices. Groff's `mm' macro package is almost compatible with the DWB
`mm' macros with several extensions. Also included is a modified
version of the Berkeley `me' macros and an enhanced version of the X11
`xditview' previewer. Written in C++, these programs can be compiled
with GNU C++ Version 2.7.2 or later.
Groff users are encouraged to contribute enhancements. Most needed are
complete Texinfo documentation, a `grap' emulation (a `pic' preprocessor
for typesetting graphs), a page-makeup postprocessor similar to `pm'
(see `Computing Systems', Vol. 2, No. 2; ask `office@usenix.org' how to
get a copy), and an ASCII output class for `pic' to integrate `pic' with
Texinfo. Questions and bug reports from users who have read the
documentation provided with Groff can be sent to
`bug-groff@prep.ai.mit.edu'.
* `guavac' (SrcCD)
`guavac' is a new free compiler for the Java language.
* GUILE *Also see ``GNUs Flashes''* (SrcCD)
GUILE is GNU's Ubiquitous Intelligent Language for Extension, an
interpreter for the Scheme programming language, packaged as a library
that you can link into your programs to make them extensible.
* `gzip' (BinCD, SrcCD)
`gzip' can expand LZW-compressed files but uses another, unpatented
algorithm for compression which generally produces better results. It
also expands files compressed with System V's `pack' program.
* `hello' (SrcCD)
The GNU `hello' program produces a familiar, friendly greeting. It
allows non-programmers to use a classic computer science tool which would
otherwise be unavailable to them. Because it is protected by the GNU
General Public License, users are free to share and change it. `hello'
is also a good example of a program that meets the GNU coding standards.
Like any truly useful program, `hello' contains a built-in mail reader.
* `hp2xx' (SrcCD)
GNU `hp2xx' reads HP-GL files, decomposes all drawing commands into
elementary vectors, and converts them into a variety of vector and raster
output formats. It is also an HP-GL previewer. Currently supported
vector formats include encapsulated Postscript, Uniplex RGIP, Metafont,
various special TeX-related formats, and simplified HP-GL (line drawing
only) for imports. Raster formats supported include IMG, PBM, PCX, &
HP-PCL (including Deskjet & DJ5xxC support). Previewers work under X11
(Unix), OS/2 (PM & full screen), & MS-DOS (SVGA, VGA, & HGC).
* HylaFAX *Also see* `http://www.vix.com/hylafax/' (SrcCD)
HylaFAX (once named FlexFAX) is a facsimile system for Unix systems. It
supports sending, receiving, & polled retrieval of facsimile, as well as
transparent shared data use of the modem.
* Hyperbole (SrcCD)
Hyperbole, written by Bob Weiner in Emacs Lisp, is an open, efficient,
programmable information management, autonumbered outliner, & hypertext
system, intended for everyday work on any platform Emacs runs on.
* ID Utils (SrcCD)
ID Utils is a package of simple, fast, high-capacity,
language-independent tools that index program identifiers, literal
numbers, or words of human-readable text. Queries can be issued from
the command-line, or from within Emacs, serving as an augmented tags
facility.
* `indent' (SrcCD)
GNU `indent' formats C source code into the GNU, BSD, K&R, or your own
special indentation style. GNU `indent' is more robust & provides more
functionality than other such programs, including handling C++ comments.
It runs on Unix, Windows, VMS, ATARI and other systems.
The next version which formats C++ source code will soon be released.
* Inetutils (SrcCD)
Inetutils has common networking utilities & servers.
Version 1.3a is more portable than previous releases: Inetutils now
works on GNU/Linux and SunOS/Solaris systems, although it still requires
a system with some degree of BSD compatibility. This release also has
many security holes plugged.
* Ispell (SrcCD)
Ispell is an interactive spell checker that suggests "near misses" to
replace unrecognized words. System & user-maintained dictionaries for
multiple languages can be used. Standalone & Emacs interfaces are
available.
* JACAL *Not available from the FSF except by FTP*
JACAL is a symbolic mathematics system for the manipulation &
simplification of algebraic expressions & equations.
The FSF is not distributing JACAL on any physical media. You can FTP it,
or visit the Web site `http://www-swiss.ai.mit.edu/~jaffer/JACAL.html'.
* jargon (SrcCD)
The jargon file is the online version of `The New Hacker's Dictionary'.
* Karma (SrcCD)
Karma is a signal and image processing library and visualization toolkit
that provides interprocess communications, authentication, graphics
display, and user interface to and manipulation of the Karma network
data structure. Several foreign data formats are also supported. Karma
comes packaged with a number of generic visualization tools and some
astronomy-specific tools.
* `less' (SrcCD)
`less' is a display paginator similar to `more' and `pg', but with
various features (such as the ability to scroll backwards) that most
pagers lack.
* LessTif (SrcCD)
LessTif is a free clone of Motif.
* Libtool (SrcCD)
GNU libtool is a generic library support script which manages the
complexity of building and linking against shared libraries. Libtool
allows source code package maintainers to easily add shared library
support without breaking static-only platform compatibility.
Libtool supports building static libraries on all known platforms.
Shared library support has been implemented for several platforms.
* Lynx *Also see* `http://lynx.browser.org' (SrcCD)
Lynx is a text-only World Wide Web browser for those running
character-only ("cursor-addressable") terminals or terminal emulators.
* `m4' (SrcCD)
GNU `m4' is an implementation of the traditional Unix macro processor.
It is mostly SVR4 compatible, although it has some extensions (e.g.,
handling more than 9 positional parameters to macros). `m4' also has
built-in functions for including files, running shell commands, doing
arithmetic, etc.
* `make' (BinCD, SrcCD) [FSFman]
GNU `make' supports POSIX 1003.2 and has all but a few obscure features
of the BSD and System V versions of `make', and runs on MS-DOS,
AmigaDOS, VMS, & Windows NT or 95, as well as all Unix-compatible
systems. GNU extensions include long options, parallel compilation,
flexible implicit pattern rules, conditional execution, & powerful text
manipulation functions. Source for the `Make Manual' comes with the
program (see ``Documentation'').
* MandelSpawn (SrcCD)
A parallel Mandelbrot generation program for the X Window System.
* Maxima (SrcCD)
Maxima is a Common Lisp implementation of MIT's Macsyma system for
computer based algebra.
* MCSim (SrcCD)
MCSim is a general purpose modeling and simulation program which also
performs standard or Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations. It allows
you to specify a set of linear or nonlinear equations (eventually
differential), and solve them using parameter values you choose or
parameter values sampled from specified statistical distributions.
Simulation outputs can be compared to experimental data for parameter
estimation.
* Meta-HTML (SrcCD)
is a programming language specifically designed for working
within the World Wide Web environment. Although it is a genuine
programming language, suitable for large-scale symbolic manipulation, it
provides the most commonly wanted Web functionality as built-in
primitives, so you don't have to write them.
* Midnight Commander (`mc') (SrcCD)
The Midnight Commander is a user friendly & colorful Unix file manager &
shell, useful to novice & guru alike. It has a built-in virtual file
system that manipulates files inside tar files or files on remote
machines using the FTP protocol. This mechanism is extendable with
external Unix programs.
* Miscellaneous Files Distribution (SrcCD)
The GNU Miscellaneous Files are non-crucial files that are common on
various systems, including word lists, airport codes, ZIP codes etc.
* `mkisofs' (SrcCD)
`mkisofs' is a pre-mastering program to generate an ISO 9660 file system.
It takes a snapshot of a directory tree, and makes a binary image which
corresponds to an ISO 9660 file system when written to a block device.
It can also generate the System Use Sharing Protocol records of the Rock
Ridge Interchange Protocol (used to further describe the files in an ISO
9660 file system to a Unix host; it provides information such as longer
filenames, uid/gid, permissions, and device nodes).
The `mkisofs' program is often used with `cdwrite'. The `cdwrite'
program works by taking the image that `mkisofs' generates and driving a
cdwriter drive to actually burn the disk. `cdwrite' works under
GNU/Linux, and supports popular cdwriter drives. Older versions of
`cdwrite' were included with older versions of `mkisofs';
`sunsite.unc.edu' has the latest version:
`/pub/Linux/utils/disk-management/cdwrite-2.0.tar.gz'.
* `mtools' (SrcCD)
`mtools' is a collection of utilities to access MS-DOS disks from Unix
without mounting them. It supports Windows 95 style long file names,
OS/2 Xdf disks, ZIP/JAZ disks and 2m disks (store up to 1992k on a high
density 3 1/2 disk).
* MULE *Also see ``GNUs Flashes''* (SrcCD)
MULE is a MULtilingual Enhancement to GNU Emacs. MULE text buffers can
contain a mix of characters from many languages including: Japanese,
Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, Thai, modern European languages (including
Greek & Russian), Arabic, & Hebrew. MULE also provides input methods
for all of them. See ``GNU & Other Free Software in Japan'', for more
information about MULE.
The version 20 release of Emacs includes the MULE features, making MULE
itself obsolete.
* `mutt' *Also see* `http://www.cs.hmc.edu/~me/mutt' (SrcCD)
Mutt is a small but very powerful mail client: a hybrid, or "mutt,"
consisting of features from various other curses-based e-mail clients.
* NetHack (SrcCD)
NetHack is a display-oriented adventure game similar to Rogue. ASCII,
X11, and various PC based GUI displays are supported.
NetHack runs on GNU/Linux, Amiga, Atari, BeBox, Mac, MS Windows, MS-DOS,
OS/2, Unix, VMS, and Windows NT.
The current release of NetHack is 3.2.2. Bug reports concerning NetHack
should be sent to `nethack-bugs@linc.cis.upenn.edu'.
* NIH Class Library (SrcCD)
The NIH Class Library is a set of C++ classes (similar to
Smalltalk-80's) written in C++ by Keith Gorlen of the National Institutes
of Health (NIH).
* `nvi' (SrcCD)
`nvi' is an implementation of the `ex'/`vi' Unix editor. It has all the
functionality of the original `ex'/`vi', except `open' mode & the `lisp'
edit option. Enhancements include multiple buffers, command-line
editing & path completion, integrated Perl5 & Tcl scripting languages,
Cscope support & tag stacks, 8-bit data support, infinite file/line
lengths, infinite undo, language catalogs, incremental search, extended
regular expressions, and security fixes. It uses Autoconf for
configuration and runs on any Unix-like system.
* Oaklisp (SrcCD)
Oaklisp is a fast, portable, object-oriented Scheme with first class
types.
* Objective-C Library (SrcCD)
Our Objective-C Class Library (`gstep-base.tar.gz', `libgnustep-base')
has general-purpose, non-graphical Objective-C objects written by Andrew
McCallum & others. It includes collection classes for maintaining
groups of objects, I/O streams, coders for formatting objects & C types
to streams, ports for network packet transmission, distributed objects
(remote object messaging), string classes, invocations, notifications,
event loops, timers, exceptions, pseudo-random number generators, &
more. It has the base classes for the GNUstep project; all but a few of
them have already been written. Send queries & bugs to
`mccallum@gnu.ai.mit.edu'. See "GNUstep" in ``Forthcoming GNUs''.
* OBST (SrcCD)
OBST is a persistent object management system with bindings to C++.
OBST supports incremental loading of methods. Its graphical tools
require the X Window System. It features a hands-on tutorial including
sample programs. It compiles with G++, and should install easily on
most Unix platforms.
* Octave *Also see* `http://www.che.wisc.edu/octave' (SrcCD)
Octave does arithmetic for real and complex scalars and matrices, solves
sets of nonlinear algebraic equations, integrates systems of ordinary
differential & differential-algebraic equations, and integrates
functions over finite & infinite intervals. Two- & three-dimensional
plotting is available using `gnuplot'.
Version 2.0.9 of Octave was released in July. It includes support for
dynamically linked functions, user-defined data types, many new
functions, & a completely revised manual. Octave works on most Unix
systems, OS/2, and Windows NT/95.
* Oleo (SrcCD)
Oleo is a spreadsheet program (better for you than the more expensive
spreadsheets). It supports the X Window System and character-based
terminals, and can output Embedded Postscript renditions of spreadsheets.
Keybindings should be familiar to Emacs users and are configurable.
Oleo supports multiple variable-width fonts when used under the X Window
System or outputting to Postscript devices.
* `p2c' (SrcCD)
`p2c' is Dave Gillespie's Pascal-to-C translator. It inputs many
dialects (HP, ISO, Turbo, VAX, etc.) & generates readable,
maintainable, portable C.
* `patch' (SrcCD)
`patch' applies `diff''s output to a set of original files to generate
the modified versions. Recent versions of GNU `patch' can update binary
files, and can remove files and directories when they become obsolete.
* PCL (SrcCD)
PCL is a free implementation of a large subset of CLOS, the Common Lisp
Object System. It runs under both GCL and CLISP, mentioned above.
* `perl' (SrcCD)
Larry Wall's `perl' combines the features & capabilities of C, `sed',
`awk', & `sh', and provides interfaces to the Unix system calls & many C
library routines.
* `phttpd' (SrcCD)
`phttpd' is a high speed World Wide Web server using multithreading,
memory mapping, and dynamic linking to achieve its goals of high speed,
scalability, and light weight. It is currently supported only on
Solaris (SunOS5).
* plotutils (SrcCD)
The GNU plotutils (plotting utilities) package includes `libplot', a
subroutine library for producing 2-D device-independent vector graphics,
and `graph', a sample application for plotting 2-D scientific data that
is built on top of `libplot'. Supported devices include X Window System
displays, Postscript devices, and Tektronix emulators. `xfig' output
format, which can be edited with the free graphics editor `xfig', is
also supported. The Postscript output format includes directives which
allow it to be edited with the `idraw' graphics editor. Included with
`graph' are `spline', a program that uses splines in tension to
interpolate data, and `ode', an application that will numerically
integrate a system of ordinary differential equations.
* PRCS (SrcCD)
PRCS, the Project Revision Control System, is a version control program
with purpose similar to that of CVS. It was designed with simplicity in
mind. Like CVS, PRCS uses RCS to accomplish this task, but this is
inconsequential to the user, as RCS is completely hidden beneath a layer
of abstraction.
* `ptx' (SrcCD)
GNU `ptx' is our version of the traditional permuted index generator.
It handles multiple input files at once, has TeX compatible output, &
outputs readable "KWIC" (KeyWords In Context) indexes without using
`nroff'. Plans are to merge this package into `textutils'.
It does not yet handle input files that do not fit in memory all at once.
* `rc' (SrcCD)
`rc' is a shell that features a C-like syntax (much more so than `csh')
and far cleaner quoting rules than the C or Bourne shells. It's
intended to be used interactively, but is also great for writing
scripts. It inspired the shell `es'.
* RCS (SrcCD)
RCS, the Revision Control System, is used for version control &
management of software projects. Used with GNU `diff', RCS can handle
binary files (8-bit data, executables, object files, etc). RCS now
conforms to GNU configuration standards & to POSIX 1003.1b-1993. Also
see the CVS item above.
* `readline' (BinCD, SrcCD)
Brian Fox wrote the `readline' library one weekend in 1987, so that the
FSF would have a clean Emacs-like line editing facility that could be
used across multiple programs. After installing it in Bash, he went on
to test the reusability of the code by adding it to GDB, and then later,
to the GNU FTP client. The library supplies many entry points--the
simplest interface gives any program the ability to store a history of
input lines, and gives the end user a complete Emacs-like (or vi-like)
editing capability over the input, simply by replacing calls to `gets'
with calls to `readline'.
* `recode' *Also see ``Forthcoming GNUs''* (SrcCD)
GNU `recode' converts files between character sets and usages. When
exact transliterations are not possible, it may delete the offending
characters or fall back on approximations. This program recognizes or
outputs nearly 150 different character sets and is able to transliterate
files between almost any pair. Most RFC 1345 character sets are
supported.
* `regex' (SrcCD)
The GNU regular expression library supports POSIX.2, except for
internationalization features. It is included in many GNU programs which
do regular expression matching & is available separately. An alternate
regular expression package, `rx', is faster than `regex' in many cases;
we were planning to replace `regex' with `rx', but it is not certain
this will happen.
* Roxen (SrcCD)
Roxen is a modularized, object-oriented, non-forking World Wide Web
server with high performance and throughput, and capabilities for on the
fly image generation (`http://www.roxen.com'). It was formerly named
Spinner, but was renamed for trademark reasons.
* `rsync' (SrcCD)
`rsync' is a replacement for `rcp' that has many more features. `rsync'
uses the "rsync algorithm", which provides a very fast method for
synchronizing large remote files, sending only the differences across
the link. It does not require both versions of a file to be local in
order to compute the differences. A technical report describing the
rsync algorithm is included with the package.
* `rx' (SrcCD)
Tom Lord has written `rx', a new regular expression library which is
generally faster and more correct than the older GNU `regex' library.
* SAOimage (SrcCD)
SAOimage is an X-based astronomical image viewer. It reads array data
images, which may be in specific formats, and displays them with a
pseudocolor colormap. There is full interactive control of the
colormap, panning and zooming, graphical annotation, and cursor tracking
in pixel and sky coordinates, among other features.
* `screen' (SrcCD)
`screen' is a terminal multiplexer that runs several separate "screens"
(ttys) on a single character-based terminal. Each virtual terminal
emulates a DEC VT100 plus several ISO 2022 and ISO 6429 (ECMA 48, ANSI
X3.64) functions, including color. Arbitrary keyboard input translation
is also supported. `screen' sessions can be detached and resumed later
on a different terminal type. Output in detached sessions is saved for
later viewing.
* `sed' (SrcCD)
`sed' is a stream-oriented version of `ed'. It comes with the `rx'
library.
* Sharutils (SrcCD)
`shar' makes so-called shell archives out of many files, preparing them
for transmission by electronic mail services; `unshar' helps unpack
these shell archives after reception. `uuencode' and `uudecode' are
POSIX compliant implementations of a pair of programs which transform
files into a format that can be safely transmitted across a 7-bit ASCII
link.
* Shellutils (SrcCD)
The Shellutils are: `basename', `chroot', `date', `dirname', `echo',
`env', `expr', `factor', `false', `groups', `hostname', `id', `logname',
`nice', `nohup', `pathchk', `printenv', `printf', `pwd', `seq', `sleep',
`stty', `su', `tee', `test', `true', `tty', `uname', `uptime', `users',
`who', `whoami', & `yes'.
* Shogi (SrcCD)
Shogi is a Japanese game similar to Chess; a major difference is that
captured pieces can be returned into play.
GNU Shogi is a variant of GNU Chess; it implements the same features &
similar heuristics. As a new feature, sequences of partial board
patterns can be introduced to help the program play toward specific
opening patterns. It has both character and X display interfaces.
It is primarily supported by Matthias Mutz on behalf of the FSF.
* SIPP (SrcCD)
SIPP is a library for photorealistically rendering 3D scenes. Scenes can
be illuminated by an arbitrary number of light sources; they are built up
of object hierarchies, with arbitrarily many subobjects and subsurfaces.
Surfaces can be rendered with either Phong, Gouraud, or flat shading.
The library supports programmable shaders and texture mapping.
* Smail (SrcCD)
Smail is a mail transport system, designed as a compatible drop-in
replacement for `sendmail'. It uses a much simpler configuration format
than `sendmail' and is designed to be setup with minimal effort.
* Smalltalk (SrcCD)
GNU Smalltalk is an interpreted object-oriented programming language
system written in highly portable C. It has been ported to MS-DOS, many
Unixes, & other OSes. Features include a binary image save capability,
the ability to call user-written C code with parameters, an Emacs
editing mode, a version of the X protocol invocable from Smalltalk,
optional byte-code compilation and/or execution tracing, & automatically
loaded per-user initialization files. It implements all of the classes
& protocol in the book "Smalltalk-80: The Language", except for the
graphic user interface (GUI) related classes.
* SNePS (SrcCD)
SNePS is the Semantic Network Processing System. It is an
implementation of a fully intensional theory of propositional knowledge
representation and reasoning. SNePS runs under CLISP or GCL.
* `spell' (SrcCD)
GNU `spell' is a clone of standard Unix `spell', implemented as a
wrapper to `ispell'.
* `stow' (SrcCD)
`stow' manages the installation of multiple software packages, keeping
them separate while making them appear (via symbolic links) to be
installed in the same place. For example, Emacs can be installed in
`/usr/local/stow/emacs' and Perl in `/usr/local/stow/perl', permitting
each to be administered separately, while with `stow' they will both
appear to be installed in `/usr/local'.
* Superopt (SrcCD)
Superopt is a function sequence generator that uses an exhaustive
generate-and-test approach to find the shortest instruction sequence for
a given function. You provide a function as input, a CPU to generate
code for, and how many instructions you want. Its use in GCC is
described in the `ACM SIGPLAN PLDI'92 Proceedings'. It supports: SPARC,
m68k, m68020, m88k, IBM POWER and PowerPC, AMD 29k, Intel x86 & 960,
Pyramid, DEC Alpha, Hitachi SH, & HP-PA.
* Swarm (SrcCD)
Swarm is a software package for multi-agent simulation of complex systems
being developed at The Santa Fe Institute. Swarm is intended to be a
useful tool for researchers in a variety of disciplines, especially
artificial life. The basic architecture of Swarm is the simulation of
collections of concurrently interacting agents: with this architecture,
a large variety of agent based models can be implemented.
* `tar' (BinCD, SrcCD)
GNU `tar' includes multi-volume support, the ability to archive sparse
files, compression/decompression, remote archives, and special features
that allow `tar' to be used for incremental and full backups. GNU `tar'
uses an early draft of the POSIX 1003.1 `ustar' format which is
different from the final version. This will be corrected in the future.
* Termcap Library (SrcCD) [FSFman]
The GNU Termcap library is a drop-in replacement for `libtermcap.a' on
any system. It does not place an arbitrary limit on the size of Termcap
entries, unlike most other Termcap libraries. Included is source for the
`Termcap Manual' in Texinfo format (see ``Documentation'').
* Termutils (SrcCD)
The Termutils package contains programs for controlling terminals.
`tput' is a portable way for shell scripts to use special terminal
capabilities. `tabs' is a program to set hardware terminal tab settings.
* TeX (SrcCD)
TeX is a document formatter that is used, among other things, by the FSF
for all its printed documentation. You will need it if you want to make
printed manuals. See `http://www.tug.org/web2c/'.
The Source Code CD-ROM contains a minimal TeX collection, sufficient to
process Texinfo files. For a complete TeX distribution, including both
sources and precompiled binaries for many platforms, consider teTeX.
This is available on CD-ROM (see `http://www.tug.org/texlive.html'), or
by FTP. The FTP instructions change too frequently to include them here;
see `ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/unixtex.ftp'.
* Texinfo (SrcCD) [FSFman]
Texinfo is a set of utilities (`makeinfo', `info', `install-info',
`texi2dvi', `texindex', & `texinfmt.el') which generate printed manuals,
plain ASCII text, & online hypertext documentation (called "Info"), &
can read online Info documents; Info files can also be read in Emacs.
Version 3 has both Emacs Lisp & standalone programs written in C or as
shell scripts. Texinfo mode for Emacs enables easy editing & updating
of Texinfo files. Source for the `Texinfo Manual' is included (see
``Documentation'').
* Textutils (SrcCD)
The Textutils programs manipulate textual data. They include: `cat',
`cksum', `comm', `csplit', `cut', `expand', `fmt', `fold', `head',
`join', `md5sum', `nl', `od', `paste', `pr', `sort', `split', `sum',
`tac', `tail', `tr', `unexpand', `uniq', and `wc'.
* TIFF library (SrcCD)
The TIFF library, `libtiff', is a library for manipulating Tagged Image
File Format files, a commonly used bitmap graphics format.
* Tile Forth (SrcCD)
Tile Forth is a 32-bit implementation of the Forth-83 standard written
in C, allowing it to be easily ported to new systems & extended with any
C-function (graphics, windowing, etc).
Many documented Forth libraries are available, e.g. top-down parsing,
multi-threads, & object-oriented programming.
* `time' (SrcCD)
`time' reports (usually from a shell) the user, system, & real time used
by a process. On some systems it also reports memory usage, page
faults, etc.
* `ucblogo' (SrcCD)
`ucblogo' implements the classic teaching language, Logo.
* `units'
GNU `units' converts between different units of measurement, such as
miles/gallon to km/liter. (It can only handle multiplicative scale
changes, so it cannot convert Celsius to Fahrenheit though it could
convert temperature differences between those temperatures scales.)
* UUCP (SrcCD)
GNU's UUCP system (written by Ian Lance Taylor) supports the `f', `g'
(all window & packet sizes), `v', `G', `t', `e', Zmodem, & two new
bidirectional (`i' & `j') protocols. With a BSD sockets library, it can
make TCP connections. With TLI libraries, it can make TLI connections.
Source is included for a manual (not yet published by the FSF).
* vera (SrcCD)
VERA (Virtual Entity of Relevant Acronyms) is a document listing
thousands of acronyms of the computer field.
* viewfax (SrcCD)
Viewfax is a tool for displaying fax files on an X display. It can
display raw, digifax or tiff/f files, such as those received by HylaFAX.
* W3 (SrcCD)
W3 (written by William Perry in Emacs Lisp) is an extensible, advanced
World Wide Web browser that runs as part of Emacs. It supports all the
bells and whistles you find on the Web today, including frames, tables,
stylesheets, and much more. See
`http://www.cs.indiana.edu/elisp/w3/docs.html'.
* `wdiff' (SrcCD)
`wdiff' is a front-end to GNU `diff'. It compares two files, finding
the words deleted or added to the first to make the second. It has many
output formats and works well with terminals and pagers. `wdiff' is
very useful when two texts differ only by a few words and paragraphs
have been refilled. Plans are to merge this package into `diffutils'.
* `Wget' (SrcCD)
`Wget' non-interactively retrieves files from the WWW using HTTP & FTP.
It is suitable for use in shell scripts.
* `windows32api' (SrcCD)
`windows32' is a set of header files & import libraries that can be used
by GNU tools for compiling & linking programs to be run on Windows NT/95.
* WN (SrcCD)
WN is a World Wide Web server designed to be secure and flexible. It
offers many different capabilities in pre-parsing files before passing
them to the client, and has a very different design from Apache and the
NCSA server.
* X11 (SrcCD)
We distribute Version 11, Release 6.3 of the X Window System with the
latest patches & bug fixes. X11 includes all of the core software,
documentation, contributed clients, libraries, & toolkits, games, etc.
While supplies last, we will distribute X11R5 on the November 1993
Source Code CD-ROM.
* `xboard' (SrcCD)
`xboard' is a graphical chessboard for X Windows. It can serve as a
user interface to the Crafty or GNU chess programs, the Internet Chess
Servers, e-mail correspondence chess, or games saved in Portable Game
Notation.
* `xgrabsc' (SrcCD)
`xgrabsc' is a screen capture program similar to `xwd' but with a
graphical user interface, more ways of selecting the part of the screen
to capture, & different types of output: Postscript, color Postscript,
xwd, bitmap, pixmap, & puzzle.
* `xinfo' (SrcCD)
`xinfo' is an X-windows program for reading Info files. It uses a
special widget, which is available for use in other programs.
* xmcd *Also see* `http://sunsite.unc.edu/~cddb/xmcd/' (SrcCD)
`xmcd' is an X11-based CD player utility and `cda' is a command-line
driven, non-graphical CD audio player. `xmcd' is developed to use the
OSF/Motif API (version 1.1 and later) and can also be used with LessTif,
the free Motif clone.
In its evolution over the past few years, `xmcd' has established itself
as the premier CD player application for the X window system with an
attractive, easy-to-use user interface. It is feature-rich and runs on
virtually all of the popular Unix and OpenVMS platforms. It also
supports the widest array of CD-ROM and CD-R devices, including some
older SCSI-1 drives that do not work with other CD player applications.
The remote CD database query feature fully utilizes the Internet and
taps on a vast repository of CD artists/titles, track titles and other
information. Multi-disc changers are also supported.
Like many other CD player applications, `xmcd' supports a CD database of
disc and track titles and other information. A distinguishing feature
of `xmcd' is the ability to connect to a remote CD database server to
query this information. Many public Internet CD database servers have
been established around the world for this purpose, and `xmcd' also
allows the user to submit new CD entries to the master database.
* `xshogi' (SrcCD)
`xshogi' is a graphical Shogi (Japanese Chess) board for the X Window
System. It can serve as a user interface to GNU Shogi, as a referee for
games between two humans, or as a client for the Internet Shogi Server.
* `Ygl' (SrcCD)
`Ygl' emulates a subset of SGI's GL (Graphics Language) library under
X11 on most platforms with an ANSI C compiler (including GCC). It has
most two-dimensional graphics routines, the queue device & query
routines, double buffering, RGB mode with dithering, Fortran bindings,
etc.
* zlibc (SrcCD)
Zlibc is an uncompressing C library for GNU/Linux and SunOS systems. It
is a preloadable shared object that allows executables to uncompress the
datafiles that they need on the fly. No kernel patch, no recompilation
of these executables and no recompilation of the libraries is needed;
the package overrides the `open' function (and other system call
functions) in the shared library.
Program/Package Cross Reference
*******************************
Here is a list of the package each GNU program or library is in. You can FTP
the current list in the file `/pub/gnu/ProgramIndex' from a GNU FTP host
(see ``How to Get GNU Software'').
* 4dview geomview
* a2p perl
* a2x xopt
* ac bsd44
* accton bsd44
* ackpfd phttpd
* acl bsd44
* acm acm
* acms acm
* addbbox geomview
* addftinfo Groff
* adventure bsd44
* afm2tfm TeX
* aid ID Utils
* amd bsd44
* ansitape bsd44
* AnswerGarden xopt
* apply bsd44
* appres xreq
* apropos bsd44
* ar Binutils
* arithmetic bsd44
* arp bsd44
* atc bsd44
* authwn WN
* autoconf Autoconf
* autoheader Autoconf
* automake Automake
* autoreconf Autoconf
* autoscan Autoconf
* autoupdate Autoconf
* auto_box xopt
* auto_box xreq
* b2m Emacs
* backgammon bsd44
* bad144 bsd44
* badsect bsd44
* banner bsd44
* basename Shellutils
* bash BASH
* battlestar bsd44
* bc bc
* bcd bsd44
* bdes bsd44
* bdftops Ghostscript
* beach_ball xopt
* beach_ball xreq
* beach_ball2 xopt
* bibtex TeX
* biff bsd44
* bison Bison
* bitmap xreq
* boggle bsd44
* bpltobzr Fontutils
* bugfiler bsd44
* buildhash Ispell
* bzrto Fontutils
* c++ GCC
* c++filt Binutils
* c2ph perl
* ca100 xopt
* caesar bsd44
* cal bsd44
* calendar bsd44
* canfield bsd44
* cat Textutils
* cbars wdiff
* cc GCC
* cc1 GCC
* cc1obj GCC
* cc1plus GCC
* cccp GCC
* cdwrite mkisofs
* cfengine cfengine
* cgi Spinner
* charspace Fontutils
* checknr bsd44
* chess bsd44
* chflags bsd44
* chgrp Fileutils
* ching bsd44
* chmod Fileutils
* chown Fileutils
* chpass bsd44
* chroot bsd44
* ci RCS
* cksum Textutils
* cktyps g77
* clisp CLISP
* clri bsd44
* cmail xboard
* cmmf TeX
* cmodext xopt
* cmp Diffutils
* co RCS
* col bsd44
* colcrt bsd44
* colrm bsd44
* column bsd44
* comm Textutils
* compress bsd44
* comsat bsd44
* connectd bsd44
* cp Fileutils
* cpicker xopt
* cpio cpio
* cpp GCC
* cppstdin perl
* cribbage bsd44
* crock xopt
* csh bsd44
* csplit Textutils
* ctags Emacs
* ctwm xopt
* cu UUCP
* cut Textutils
* cvs CVS
* cvscheck CVS
* cvtmail Emacs
* cxterm xopt
* d Fileutils
* date Shellutils
* dc bc
* dd Fileutils
* ddd DDD
* defid ID Utils
* delatex TeX
* demangle Binutils
* descend CVS
* detex TeX
* df Fileutils
* dhtppd phttpd
* diff Diffutils
* diff3 Diffutils
* diffpp enscript
* digest-doc Emacs
* dipress bsd44
* dir Fileutils
* dircolors Fileutils
* dirname Shellutils
* dish xopt
* disklabel bsd44
* diskpart bsd44
* dld dld
* dm bsd44
* dmesg bsd44
* doschk doschk
* dox xopt
* du Fileutils
* dump bsd44
* dump mkisofs
* dumpfs bsd44
* dvi2tty TeX
* dvicopy TeX
* dvips TeX
* dvitype TeX
* ecc ecc
* echo Shellutils
* ed ed
* edit-pr GNATS
* editres xreq
* edquota bsd44
* eeprom bsd44
* egrep grep
* eid ID Utils
* emacs Emacs
* emacsclient Emacs
* emacsserver Emacs
* emacstool Emacs
* emu xopt
* enscript enscript
* env Shellutils
* eqn Groff
* error bsd44
* es es
* esdebug es
* etags Emacs
* ex nvi
* example geomview
* exicyclog Exim
* exigrep Exim
* exim Exim
* eximon Exim
* eximon Exim
* eximstats Exim
* exinext Exim
* exiwhat Exim
* expand Textutils
* expect DejaGnu
* expr Shellutils
* exterm xopt
* f2c f2c
* factor bsd44
* fakemail Emacs
* false Shellutils
* fastboot bsd44
* fax2ps HylaFAX
* faxalter HylaFAX
* faxanswer HylaFAX
* faxcover HylaFAX
* faxd HylaFAX
* faxd.recv HylaFAX
* faxmail HylaFAX
* faxquit HylaFAX
* faxrcvd HylaFAX
* faxrm HylaFAX
* faxstat HylaFAX
* fc f2c
* fdraw xopt
* ffe g77
* fgrep grep
* fid ID Utils
* file bsd44
* find Findutils
* find2perl perl
* finger Finger
* fingerd Finger
* fish bsd44
* fixfonts Texinfo
* fixinc.svr4 GCC
* fixincludes GCC
* flex flex
* flex++ flex
* flythrough geomview
* fmt bsd44
* fnid ID Utils
* fold Textutils
* font2c Ghostscript
* fontconvert Fontutils
* forth Tile Forth
* forthicon Tile Forth
* forthtool Tile Forth
* fortune bsd44
* fpr bsd44
* freq Ispell
* freqtbl Ispell
* from bsd44
* fsck bsd44
* fsplit bsd44
* fstat bsd44
* ftp bsd44
* ftp Inetutils
* ftpd bsd44
* ftpd Inetutils
* g++ GCC
* gas Binutils
* gawk GAWK
* gcal gcal
* gcc GCC
* gcore bsd44
* gdb GDB
* genclass libg++
* geomstuff geomview
* gettext gettext
* getty bsd44
* gftodvi TeX
* gftopk TeX
* gftype TeX
* ghostview Ghostview
* gid ID Utils
* ginsu geomview
* git GIT
* gitaction GIT
* gitcmp GIT
* gitkeys GIT
* gitmatch GIT
* gitmount GIT
* gitps GIT
* gitredir GIT
* gitrgrep GIT
* gitview GIT
* gitwipe GIT
* gn GN
* gnans Gnans
* gnanslator Gnans
* gnats GNATS
* gnuchess Chess
* gnuchessc Chess
* gnuchessn Chess
* gnuchessr Chess
* gnuchessx Chess
* gnuclient gnuserv
* gnudoit gnuserv
* gnupdisp Shogi
* gnuplot gnuplot
* gnuplot_x11 gnuplot
* gnuserv gnuserv
* gnushogi Shogi
* gnushogir Shogi
* gnushogix Shogi
* go GnuGo
* gpc xopt
* gpc xreq
* gperf cperf
* gperf libg++
* gprof Binutils
* graffiti geomview
* graph Graphics
* grep grep
* grodvi Groff
* groff Groff
* grops Groff
* grotty Groff
* groups Shellutils
* gs Ghostscript
* gsbj Ghostscript
* gsdj Ghostscript
* gslj Ghostscript
* gslp Ghostscript
* gsnd Ghostscript
* gsrenderfont Fontutils
* gunzip gzip
* gvclock geomview
* gwm xopt
* gzexe gzip
* gzip gzip
* h2ph perl
* h2pl perl
* hack bsd44
* hangman bsd44
* head Textutils
* hello hello
* hexdump bsd44
* hexl Emacs
* hinge geomview
* hostname Shellutils
* hp2xx hp2xx
* hterm xopt
* htmlencode phttpd
* httpd apache
* httpdecode phttpd
* i18nOlwmV2 xopt
* i2mif xopt
* ico xopt
* ico xreq
* id Shellutils
* ident RCS
* ifconfig bsd44
* ifnames Autoconf
* ImageMagick xopt
* imageto Fontutils
* iman xopt
* imgrotate Fontutils
* indent indent
* indxbib Groff
* inetd bsd44
* inetd Inetutils
* info Texinfo
* inimf TeX
* init bsd44
* initex TeX
* inn bsd44
* install Fileutils
* iostat bsd44
* isodiag mkisofs
* isodump mkisofs
* ispell Ispell
* ixterm xopt
* ixx xopt
* join Textutils
* jot bsd44
* jove bsd44
* kdestroy bsd44
* kdump bsd44
* kermit bsd44
* kgames xopt
* kgmon bsd44
* kill bsd44
* kinit bsd44
* kinput2 xopt
* klist bsd44
* kpasswdd bsd44
* ksrvtgt bsd44
* kterm xopt
* ktrace bsd44
* lam bsd44
* larn bsd44
* lasergnu gnuplot
* last bsd44
* lastcomm bsd44
* latex TeX
* lclock xopt
* ld Binutils
* leave bsd44
* less less
* lesskey less
* libavcall.a ffcall
* libbfd.a Binutils
* libbfd.a GDB
* libbzr.a Fontutils
* libc.a C Library
* libcompat.a bsd44
* libcurses.a bsd44
* libcurses.a ncurses
* libdcurses.a ncurses
* libedit.a bsd44
* libF77.a f2c
* libF77.a g77
* libg++.a libg++
* libgdbm.a gdbm
* libgf.a Fontutils
* libgmp.a gmp
* libgnanslib.a Gnans
* libgnussl.a gnussl
* libI77.a f2c
* libI77.a g77
* libkvm.a bsd44
* libm.a bsd44
* libncurses.a ncurses
* libnihcl.a NIHCL
* libnihclmi.a NIHCL
* libnihclvec.a NIHCL
* libnls.a xreq
* libobjects.a libobjects
* liboctave.a Octave
* liboldX.a xreq
* libpbm.a Fontutils
* libPEXt.a xopt
* libpk.a Fontutils
* libresolv.a bsd44
* librpc.a bsd44
* libsipp.a SIPP
* libtcl.a DejaGnu
* libtelnet.a bsd44
* libterm.a bsd44
* libtermcap.a Termcap
* libtfm.a Fontutils
* libtiff.a tiff
* libutil.a bsd44
* libvacall.a ffcall
* libWc.a xopt
* libwidgets.a Fontutils
* libX.a xreq
* libXau.a xreq
* libXaw.a xreq
* libXcp.a xopt
* libXcu.a xopt
* libXdmcp.a xreq
* libXmp.a xopt
* libXmu.a xreq
* libXO.a xopt
* libXop.a xopt
* libXp.a xopt
* libXpex.a xopt
* libXt.a xopt
* libXt.a xreq
* libXwchar.a xopt
* liby.a bsd44
* libYgl.a Ygl
* lid ID Utils
* limn Fontutils
* listres xopt
* listres xreq
* lkbib Groff
* ln Fileutils
* locate Findutils
* lock bsd44
* logcvt-ip2n phttpd
* logger bsd44
* login bsd44
* logname Shellutils
* logo ucblogo
* lookbib Groff
* lorder bsd44
* lpr bsd44
* ls Fileutils
* lynx lynx
* m4 m4
* mail bsd44
* mail-files Sharutils
* mailq smail
* mailshar Sharutils
* make make
* make-docfile Emacs
* make-path Emacs
* makeindex TeX
* makeinfo Texinfo
* MakeTeXPK TeX
* man bsd44
* man-macros Groff
* maniview geomview
* mattrib mtools
* maze xopt
* maze xreq
* mazewar xopt
* mc mc
* mcd mtools
* mcopy mtools
* mcserv mc
* md5sum Textutils
* mdel mtools
* mdir mtools
* me-macros Groff
* medit2gv geomview
* merge RCS
* mesg bsd44
* mf TeX
* mformat mtools
* mft TeX
* mgdiff xopt
* mh bsd44
* mille bsd44
* mkafmmap enscript
* mkcache GN
* mkdep bsd44
* mkdir Fileutils
* mkfifo Fileutils
* mkid ID Utils
* mkisofs mkisofs
* mklocale bsd44
* mkmanifest mtools
* mkmf bsd44
* mkmodules CVS
* mknod Fileutils
* mkstr bsd44
* mlabel mtools
* mm-macros Groff
* mmd mtools
* monop bsd44
* more bsd44
* morse bsd44
* mount bsd44
* mountd bsd44
* movemail Emacs
* mprof bsd44
* mrd mtools
* mread mtools
* mren mtools
* ms-macros Groff
* msgcmp gettext
* msgfmt gettext
* msgmerge gettext
* msgs bsd44
* msgunfmt gettext
* mst Smalltalk
* mt cpio
* mterm xopt
* mtree bsd44
* mtype mtools
* mule MULE
* muncher xopt
* mv Fileutils
* mvdir Fileutils
* mwrite mtools
* NDview geomview
* nethack NetHack
* netstat bsd44
* newfs bsd44
* nfsd bsd44
* nfsiod bsd44
* nfsstat bsd44
* nice Shellutils
* nl Textutils
* nlmconv Binutils
* nm Binutils
* nohup Shellutils
* nose geomview
* notify HylaFAX
* nroff Groff
* number bsd44
* objc GCC
* objcopy Binutils
* objdump Binutils
* objective-c GCC
* obst-boot OBST
* obst-CC OBST
* obst-cct OBST
* obst-cgc OBST
* obst-cmp OBST
* obst-cnt OBST
* obst-cpcnt OBST
* obst-csz OBST
* obst-dir OBST
* obst-dmp OBST
* obst-gen OBST
* obst-gsh OBST
* obst-init OBST
* obst-scp OBST
* obst-sil OBST
* obst-stf OBST
* oclock xreq
* octave Octave
* od Textutils
* oleo Oleo
* ora-examples xopt
* p2c p2c
* pagesize bsd44
* palette xopt
* pascal bsd44
* passwd bsd44
* paste Textutils
* patch patch
* patgen TeX
* pathalias bsd44
* pathchk Shellutils
* pathto smail
* pax bsd44
* pbmplus xopt
* perl perl
* pfbtops Groff
* phantasia bsd44
* phttpd phttpd
* pic Groff
* pico pine
* pig bsd44
* pine pine
* ping bsd44
* pixedit xopt
* pixmap xopt
* pktogf TeX
* pktype TeX
* plaid xopt
* plot2fig Graphics
* plot2plot Graphics
* plot2ps Graphics
* plot2tek Graphics
* pltotf TeX
* pollrcvd HylaFAX
* pom bsd44
* pooltype TeX
* portmap bsd44
* ppt bsd44
* pr Textutils
* pr-addr GNATS
* pr-edit GNATS
* primes bsd44
* printenv Shellutils
* printf Shellutils
* protoize GCC
* proxygarb Spinner
* ps bsd44
* ps2ascii Ghostscript
* ps2epsi Ghostscript
* ps2fax HylaFAX
* psbb Groff
* pstat bsd44
* psycho xopt
* ptester phttpd
* ptx ptx
* pubdic+ xopt
* puzzle xopt
* puzzle xreq
* pwd Shellutils
* pyramid xopt
* query-pr GNATS
* quiz bsd44
* quot bsd44
* quota bsd44
* quotacheck bsd44
* quotaon bsd44
* rain bsd44
* random bsd44
* ranlib Binutils
* rbootd bsd44
* rc rc
* rcp bsd44
* rcp Inetutils
* rcs RCS
* rcs-to-cvs CVS
* rcs2log Emacs
* rcsdiff RCS
* rcsfreeze RCS
* rcsmerge RCS
* rdist bsd44
* reboot bsd44
* recode recode
* recvstats HylaFAX
* red ed
* refer Groff
* remsync Sharutils
* renice bsd44
* repquota bsd44
* restore bsd44
* rev bsd44
* rexecd bsd44
* rexecd Inetutils
* rlog RCS
* rlogin bsd44
* rlogin Inetutils
* rlogind bsd44
* rlogind Inetutils
* rm Fileutils
* rmail bsd44
* rmdir Fileutils
* rmt cpio
* rmt tar
* robots bsd44
* rogue bsd44
* route bsd44
* routed bsd44
* rr xopt
* rs bsd44
* rsh bsd44
* rsh Inetutils
* rshd bsd44
* rshd Inetutils
* rsmtp smail
* runq smail
* runtest DejaGnu
* runtest.exp DejaGnu
* ruptime bsd44
* rwho bsd44
* rwhod bsd44
* s2p perl
* sail bsd44
* saoimage SAOimage
* savecore bsd44
* sc bsd44
* sccs bsd44
* sccs2rcs CVS
* scdisp xopt
* screen screen
* script bsd44
* scsiformat bsd44
* sctext xopt
* sdiff Diffutils
* sed sed
* send-pr GNATS
* sendfax HylaFAX
* sendmail bsd44
* sgi2fax HylaFAX
* sgn GN
* sh bsd44
* shar Sharutils
* shinbun xopt
* shogi Shogi
* showfont xopt
* showmount bsd44
* shutdown bsd44
* size Binutils
* sj3 xopt
* sjxa xopt
* slattach bsd44
* sleep Shellutils
* sliplogin bsd44
* smail smail
* smtpd smail
* snake bsd44
* snftobdf xopt
* soelim Groff
* sort Textutils
* sos2obst OBST
* spider xopt
* split Textutils
* startslip bsd44
* stereo geomview
* stf OBST
* strings Binutils
* strip Binutils
* stty Shellutils
* su Shellutils
* sum Textutils
* superopt Superopt
* swapon bsd44
* sweep geomview
* sync bsd44
* sysctl bsd44
* syslog Inetutils
* syslogd bsd44
* syslogd Inetutils
* systat bsd44
* tabs Termutils
* tac Textutils
* tackdown geomview
* tail Textutils
* taintperl perl
* talk bsd44
* talk Inetutils
* talkd bsd44
* talkd Inetutils
* tangle TeX
* tar tar
* tbl Groff
* tcal gcal
* tcl DejaGnu
* tclsh DejaGnu
* tcopy bsd44
* tcp Emacs
* tee Shellutils
* tek2plot Graphics
* telnet bsd44
* telnet Inetutils
* telnetd bsd44
* telnetd Inetutils
* test Shellutils
* test-g++ DejaGnu
* test-tool DejaGnu
* tetris bsd44
* tex TeX
* tex3patch Texinfo
* texi2dvi Texinfo
* texindex Texinfo
* texspell TeX
* textfmt HylaFAX
* tfmtodit Groff
* tftopl TeX
* tftp bsd44
* tftp Inetutils
* tftpd bsd44
* tftpd Inetutils
* tgrind TeX
* time time
* timed bsd44
* timer Emacs
* timex xopt
* tip bsd44
* tkpostage xopt
* tn3270 bsd44
* togeomview geomview
* touch Fileutils
* tput Termutils
* tr Textutils
* traceroute bsd44
* transcript HylaFAX
* transfig xopt
* transformer geomview
* trek bsd44
* trigrp geomview
* trn3 bsd44
* troff Groff
* trpt bsd44
* trsp bsd44
* true Shellutils
* tset bsd44
* tsort bsd44
* tty Shellutils
* ttygnans Gnans
* tunefs bsd44
* tupdate gettext
* tvtwm xopt
* twm xreq
* ul bsd44
* ulpc Spinner
* umount bsd44
* uname Shellutils
* uncompress gzip
* unexpand Textutils
* unifdef bsd44
* unify wdiff
* uniq Textutils
* unprotoize GCC
* unshar Sharutils
* unvis bsd44
* update bsd44
* updatedb Findutils
* users Shellutils
* uuchk UUCP
* uucico UUCP
* uuconv UUCP
* uucp UUCP
* uucpd bsd44
* uucpd Inetutils
* uudecode Sharutils
* uudir UUCP
* uuencode Sharutils
* uulog UUCP
* uuname UUCP
* uupath smail
* uupick UUCP
* uurate UUCP
* uusched UUCP
* uustat UUCP
* uuto UUCP
* uux UUCP
* uuxqt UUCP
* v Fileutils
* vacation bsd44
* vandal xopt
* vcdiff Emacs
* vdir Fileutils
* vftovp TeX
* vgrind bsd44
* vi nvi
* viewres xopt
* viewres xreq
* vine xopt
* vipw bsd44
* virmf TeX
* virtex TeX
* vis bsd44
* vmstat bsd44
* vptovf TeX
* w bsd44
* waisgn GN
* wakeup Emacs
* wall bsd44
* wargames bsd44
* wc Textutils
* wdiff wdiff
* weave TeX
* what bsd44
* whatis bsd44
* whereis bsd44
* who Shellutils
* whoami Shellutils
* whois bsd44
* window bsd44
* winterp xopt
* wish DejaGnu
* wn WN
* wndex WN
* worm bsd44
* worms bsd44
* write bsd44
* wump bsd44
* x11perf xreq
* x2p perl
* xalarm xopt
* xancur xopt
* xargs Findutils
* xauth xreq
* xbfe Fontutils
* xbiff xopt
* xbiff xreq
* xboard xboard
* xboing xopt
* xbuffy3 xopt
* xcalc xopt
* xcalc xreq
* xcalendar xopt
* xcdplayer xopt
* xcell xopt
* xclipboard xreq
* xclock xreq
* xcmdmenu xopt
* xcms xopt
* xcmsdb xreq
* xcmstest xreq
* xco xopt
* xcolorize xopt
* xcolors xopt
* xconsole xreq
* xcrtca xopt
* xdaliclock xopt
* xdiary xopt
* xditview Groff
* xditview xopt
* xditview xreq
* xdm xreq
* xdpyinfo xreq
* xdu xopt
* xdvi TeX
* xdvi xopt
* xdvorak xopt
* xearth xopt
* xed xopt
* xedit xopt
* xedit xreq
* xev xopt
* xev xreq
* xexit xopt
* xeyes xopt
* xeyes xreq
* xfd xreq
* xfed xopt
* xfedor xopt
* xfeoak xopt
* xferstats HylaFAX
* xfig xopt
* xfontsel xopt
* xfontsel xreq
* xforecast xopt
* xgas xopt
* xgas xreq
* xgc xopt
* xgc xreq
* xgettext gettext
* xhearts xopt
* xhelp xopt
* xhost xreq
* xinit xreq
* xkeycaps xopt
* xkill xreq
* xlax xopt
* xlayout xopt
* xlbiff xopt
* xless xopt
* xload xopt
* xload xreq
* xlogin xopt
* xlogo xreq
* xlsatoms xreq
* xlsclients xreq
* xlsfonts xreq
* xmag xreq
* xmail xopt
* xmailbox xopt
* xmailwatcher xopt
* xman xopt
* xman xreq
* xmandel xopt
* xmessage xopt
* xmeter xopt
* xmh xreq
* xmh-icons xopt
* xmh.editor xopt
* xmodmap xreq
* xmon xopt
* xmove xopt
* xmphone xopt
* xpd xopt
* xphoon xopt
* xpipeman xopt
* xplot Graphics
* xpostit xopt
* xpr xopt
* xpr xreq
* xprompt xopt
* xproof xopt
* xprop xreq
* xpserv xopt
* xrdb xreq
* xrefresh xreq
* xrsh xopt
* xrubik xopt
* xrunclient xopt
* xscope xopt
* xscreensaver xopt
* xsession xopt
* xset xreq
* xsetroot xreq
* xshogi xshogi
* xstdcmap xreq
* xstr bsd44
* xtalk xopt
* xterm xreq
* xterm_color xopt
* xtetris xopt
* xTeXcad.13 xopt
* xtiff xopt
* xtokid ID Utils
* xtree xopt
* xtv xopt
* xwd xreq
* xwininfo xreq
* xwud xreq
* yacc bsd44
* yes Shellutils
* youbin xopt
* yow Emacs
* zcat gzip
* zcmp gzip
* zdiff gzip
* zforce gzip
* zgrep gzip
* zmore gzip
* znew gzip
* [ Shellutils
The Deluxe Distribution
***********************
The Free Software Foundation has been asked repeatedly to create a package
that provides executables for all of our software. Normally we offer only
sources. The Deluxe Distribution provides binaries with the source code and
includes six T-shirts, all our CD-ROMs, printed manuals, & reference cards.
The FSF Deluxe Distribution contains the binaries and sources to hundreds of
different programs including Emacs, the GNU C/C++ Compiler, the GNU Debugger,
the complete X Window System, and all the GNU utilities.
We will make a Deluxe Distribution for most machines/operating systems. We
may be able to send someone to your office to do the compilation, if we can't
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read any of these, please contact us to see if we can handle your format.
The manuals included are one each of `Bison', `Calc', `Gawk', `GCC', `GNU C
Library', `GDB', `Flex', `GNU Emacs Lisp Reference', `Programming in Emacs
Lisp: An Introduction', `Make', `Texinfo', & `Termcap' manuals; six copies of
the `GNU Emacs' manual; and ten reference cards each for Emacs, Bison, Calc,
Flex, & GDB.
Every Deluxe Distribution also has a copy of the latest editions of our
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The price of the Deluxe Distribution is $5000 (shipping included). These
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CD-ROMs
*******
We offer the Source Code CD-ROMs, and Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM,
each of which is available as either the latest version at full price,
or (while supplies last) an older copy at a reduced price.
Our CDs are in ISO 9660 format & can be mounted as a read-only file system on
most computers. If your driver supports it, you can mount each CD with "Rock
Ridge" extensions & it will look like a regular Unix file system, rather than
one full of truncated & otherwise mangled names that fit vanilla ISO 9660.
You can build most of the software without copying the sources off the CD.
You only need enough disk space for object files and intermediate build
targets.
Pricing of the GNU CD-ROMs
--------------------------
If a business or organization is ultimately paying, the July 1997 Source CD
set costs $240. The set costs $60 if you, an individual, are paying out of
your own pocket. The January 1997 Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM costs $220
for a business or organization, and $55 for an individual.
What Do the Different Prices Mean?
..................................
The software on our disks is free; anyone can copy it and anyone can run it.
What we charge for is the physical disk and the service of distribution.
We charge two different prices depending on who is buying. When a company or
other organization buys the July 1997 Source CD-ROMs, we charge $240. When
an individual buys the same CD-ROMs, we charge just $60. This distinction is
not a matter of who is allowed to use the software. In either case, once you
have a copy, you can distribute as many copies as you wish and there's no
restriction on who can have or run them. The price distinction is entirely a
matter of what kind of entity pays for the CDs.
You, the reader, are certainly an individual, not a company. If you are
buying a disk "in person", then you are probably doing so as an individual.
But if you expect to be reimbursed by your employer, then the disk is really
for the company; so please pay the company price and get reimbursed for it.
We won't try to check up on you--we use the honor system--so please cooperate.
Buying CDs at the company price is very helpful for GNU; just
150 Source CDs at that price support an FSF programmer or tech writer for a
year.
Why Is There an Individual Price?
.................................
In the past, our distribution tapes were ordered mainly by companies. The CD
at the price of $240 provides them with all of our software for a much lower
price than they would previously have paid for six different tapes. To lower
the price more would cut into the FSF's funds very badly and decrease the
software development we can do.
However, for individuals, $240 is too high a price; hardly anyone could
afford that. So we decided to make CDs available to individuals at the lower
price of $60.
Is There a Maximum Price?
.........................
Our stated prices are minimum prices. Feel free to pay a higher price if you
wish to support GNU development more. The sky's the limit; we will accept as
high a price as you can offer. Or simply give a donation (tax-deductible in
the U.S.) to the Free Software Foundation, a tax-exempt public charity.
January 1997 Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM
-------------------------------------------
In January 1997 we released the fourth edition of our CD-ROM that has
binaries and complete sources for GNU compiler tools for some systems which
lack a compiler. This enables the people who use these systems to compile
GNU and other free software without having to buy a proprietary compiler.
You can also use these GNU tools to compile your own C/C++/Objective-C
programs. Older editions of this CD are available while supplies last at a
reduced price; see ``Free Software Foundation Order Form''.
We hope to have more systems on each update of this CD. If you can help
build binaries for new systems (especially those that don't come with a C
compiler), or have one to suggest, please contact us at the addresses on page
1.
These packages:
* DJGPP
* GCC/G++/Objective-C
* GNU C Library
* GDB
* Binutils
* Bison
* Emacs (MS-DOS only)
* Flex
* Make
* libg++
On these platforms:
* `i386-msdos'
* `hppa1.1-hp-hpux9'
* `hppa1.1-hp-hpux10'
* `powerpc-ibm-aix4.2'
* `sparc-sun-solaris2.4'
* `sparc-sun-solaris2.5'
* `sparc-sun-sunos4.1'
Source Code CD-ROMs
-------------------
We have several versions of our Source Code CD-ROMs available, including:
* July 1997 Source Code CD-ROMs, the newest release, has programs,
bug fixes, & improvements not on the other CDs.
* January 1997 Source Code CD-ROMs.
* July 1996 Source Code CD-ROMs.
* December 1995 Source Code CD-ROM.
* June 1995 Source Code CD-ROM.
* May 1994 Source Code CD-ROM.
* November 1993 Source Code CD-ROM.
* May 1993 Source Code CD-ROM.
* October 1992 Source Code CD-ROM.
The older Source CDs are available while supplies last at a reduced price
(please note that the December 1994 Source CD is permanently out of stock).
All the Source CDs have Texinfo source for the GNU manuals listed in
``Documentation''.
Much of X11 is *not* on the older Source CDs.
There are no precompiled programs on these Source CDs. You will need a C
compiler (programs which need some other interpreter or compiler normally
provide the C source for a bootstrapping program). We ship C compiler
binaries for some systems on the Compiler Tools Binaries CD-ROM.
July 1997 Source Code CD-ROMs
.............................
The 10th edition of our Source Code CD is available now with two CD-ROM disks.
It has programs, bug fixes, & improvements not on the older Source CDs. It
has these packages, & some manuals that are not part of packages. The
version number of each package listed might be higher on the 10th edition CD
due to new releases being made since this list was generated.
* abuse 2.0
* acct 6.3
* acm 4.8
* aegis 2.3
* apache 1.2.4
* Autoconf 2.12
* Automake 1.2
* BASH 2.01
* bc 1.04
* Binutils 2.8.1
* Bison 1.25
* C Library 2.0.5
* Calc 2.02f
* cfengine 1.4.1
* Chess 4.0.pl77
* CLISP 1997.08.07
* Common Lisp 2.2.2
* cook 1.10
* cperf 2.1a
* cpio 2.4.2
* CVS 1.9
* cxref 1.4
* ddd 2.1.1
* DejaGnu 1.3
* Diffutils 2.7
* dld 3.3
* doschk 1.1
* ed 0.2
* Elib 1.0
* elisp archive 1997.08.19
* Emacs 18.59
* Emacs 19.34
* Emacs 20.1
* enscript 1.5.0
* es 0.84
* Exim 1.70
* f2c 1997.07.13
* ffcall 1.1
* Fileutils 3.16
* Findutils 4.1
* Finger 1.37
* flex 2.5.4
* Fontutils 0.6
* g77 0.5.19.1
* gawk 3.0.3
* gcal 2.10
* GCC/G++/Objective-C 2.7.2.3
* GDB 4.16
* gdbm 1.7.3
* Generic NQS 3.50.2
* geomview 1.6.1
* gettext 0.10
* gforth 0.3.0
* Ghostscript 3.33
* Ghostview 1.5
* Ghostview for Windows 2.1
* GIT 4.3.16
* gmp 2.0.2
* GN 2.24
* Gnans 1.5.1
* gnat 3.09
* GNATS 3.2
* GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual 1.03
* GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual 2.4.2
* GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual 2.4.jp2.0
* GnuGo 1.2
* gnuplot 3.5
* gnuserv 2.1alpha
* gnussl 0.2.1
* gpc 2.0
* grep 2.0
* Groff 1.11
* guavac 0.3.1
* guile 1.2
* gzip 1.2.4
* hello 1.3
* hp2xx 3.1.4
* HylaFAX 4.0pl1
* Hyperbole 4.01
* ID Utils 3.2
* ilisp 5.8.a04
* indent 1.9.1
* Inetutils 1.3a
* Ispell 3.1.20
* jargon 4.0.0
* karma 1.6
* less 332
* LessTif 0.80
* libg++ 2.7.2
* libobjects 0.1.19
* libtool 1.0
* lynx 2.7.1
* m4 1.4
* make 3.75
* MandelSpawn 0.07
* maxima 5.2
* mc 4.0
* MCSim 4.1
* mesa 2.1
* 5.04
* miscfiles 1.1
* mkisofs 1.11
* mm 1.07
* mtools 3.8
* MULE 2.3
* mutt 0.81
* NetHack 3.2.2
* NIHCL 3.1.4
* nvi 1.79
* Oaklisp 930720
* OBST 3.4.3
* Octave 2.0.9
* Oleo 1.6
* p2c 1.20
* patch 2.5
* pcl-gcl 2.2
* perl 4.036
* perl 5.003
* phttpd 0.99.76
* pips 1.01
* plotutils 1.1
* prcs 1.2
* Programming in Emacs Lisp an Introduction 1.04
* ptx 0.4
* rc 1.4
* RCS 5.7
* readline 2.1
* recode 3.4
* regex 0.12
* Roxen 1.1
* rsync 1.6.3
* rx 1.5
* SAOimage 1.20
* screen 3.7.4
* sed 2.05
* Sharutils 4.2
* Shellutils 1.16
* Shogi 1.2p03
* SIPP 3.1
* smail 3.2
* Smalltalk 1.1.5
* sneps 2.3.1
* spell 1.0
* stow 1.3.2
* Superopt 2.5
* swarm 1.0.2
* tar 1.12
* Termcap 1.3
* Termutils 2.0
* TeX 3.1415
* Texinfo 3.11
* Textutils 1.22
* tiff 3.4
* Tile Forth 2.1
* time 1.7
* ucblogo 4.1
* units 1.53
* UUCP 1.06.1
* vera 1.0
* vrweb 1.5
* W3 2.2.26
* wdiff 0.5
* wget 1.4.5
* windows32api 0.1.2
* WN 1.18.1
* X11R6.3
* xboard 3.6.2
* xgrabsc 2.41
* xinfo 1.01.01
* xmcd 2.2
* xshogi 1.2p03
* Ygl 3.1
* zlibc 0.9e
January 1997 Source Code CD-ROMs
................................
We still have copies of the 9th edition of our Source CD with two CD-ROM
disks. It has these packages, & some manuals that are not part of packages:
* acm 4.7
* apache 1.1.1
* Autoconf 2.12
* Automake 1.0
* BASH 2.0
* bc 1.03
* Binutils 2.7
* Bison 1.25
* C Library 2.0
* Calc 2.02f
* cfengine 1.3.16
* Chess 4.0.pl77
* CLISP 1996.05.30
* Common Lisp 2.2.1
* cperf 2.1a
* cpio 2.4.2
* CVS 1.9
* ddd 2.0
* DejaGnu 1.3
* Diffutils 2.7
* dld 3.3
* doschk 1.1
* ed 0.2
* Elib 1.0
* elisp archive
* Emacs 18.59
* Emacs 19.34
* enscript 1.4.0
* es 0.84
* Exim 1.59
* f2c 1996.12.09
* ffcall 1.1
* Fileutils 3.16
* Findutils 4.1
* Finger 1.37
* flex 2.5.4
* Fontutils 0.6
* g77 0.5.19
* gawk 3.0.1
* gcal 2.10
* GCC/G++/Objective-C 2.7.2.2
* GDB 4.16
* gdbm 1.7.3
* Generic NQS 3.50.2
* geomview 1.6.1
* gettext 0.10
* gforth 0.2.1
* Ghostscript 3.33
* Ghostview 1.5
* Ghostview for Windows 2.1
* GIT 4.3.16
* gmp 2.0.2
* GN 2.24
* Gnans 1.5.1
* gnat 3.07
* GNATS 3.2
* GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual 1.03
* GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual 2.4.2
* GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual 2.4.jp2.0
* GnuGo 1.2
* gnuplot 3.5
* gnuserv 2.1alpha
* gnussl 0.2.1
* gpc 2.0
* Graphics 0.17
* grep 2.0
* Groff 1.10
* guile 1.0
* gzip 1.2.4
* hello 1.3
* hp2xx 3.1.4
* HylaFAX 4.0pl1
* Hyperbole 4.01
* ID Utils 3.2
* ilisp 5.8.a04
* indent 1.9.1
* Inetutils 1.2j
* Ispell 3.1.20
* jargon 4.0.0
* karma 1.6
* less 321
* libg++ 2.7.2
* libobjects 0.1.19
* lynx 2.6
* m4 1.4
* make 3.75
* MandelSpawn 0.07
* maxima 5.2
* mc 3.2.1
* mesa 2.1
* 5.01
* miscfiles 1.0
* mkisofs 1.05GNU
* mm 1.07
* mtools 3.1
* MULE 2.3
* mutt 0.57
* ncurses 1.9.9e
* NetHack 3.2.2
* NIHCL 3.1.4
* nvi 1.79
* Oaklisp 930720
* OBST 3.4.3
* Octave 2.0.2
* Oleo 1.6
* p2c 1.20
* patch 2.1
* pcl-gcl 2.1
* perl 4.036
* perl 5.003
* phttpd 0.99.72.1
* pine 3.91
* pips 1.01
* Programming in Emacs Lisp an Introduction 1.04
* ptx 0.4
* rc 1.4
* RCS 5.7
* readline 2.0
* recode 3.4
* regex 0.12
* Roxen 1.1
* rx 1.5
* SAOimage 1.19
* scheme 7.4
* screen 3.7.2
* sed 2.05
* Sharutils 4.2
* Shellutils 1.16
* Shogi 1.2p03
* SIPP 3.1
* smail 3.2
* Smalltalk 1.1.5
* sneps 2.3.1
* stow 1.3.2
* Superopt 2.5
* tar 1.11.8
* Termcap 1.3
* Termutils 2.0
* TeX 3.1415
* Texinfo 3.9
* Textutils 1.22
* tiff 3.4
* Tile Forth 2.1
* time 1.7
* ucblogo 3.6
* units 1.53
* UUCP 1.06.1
* vrweb 1.3
* W3 2.2.26
* wdiff 0.5
* wget 1.4.2b
* windows32api 0.1.2
* WN 1.17.1
* X11R6.3
* xboard 3.5.0
* xgrabsc 2.41
* xinfo 1.01.01
* xshogi 1.2p03
* Ygl 3.1
CD-ROM Subscription Service
***************************
Our subscription service enables you to stay current with the latest GNU
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Each edition of the Source Code CD-ROMs has sources for the X Window
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Please note: In two cases, you must pay 4 times the normal shipping required
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GNU Documentation
*****************
GNU is dedicated to having quality, easy-to-use online & printed
documentation. GNU manuals are intended to explain underlying concepts,
describe how to use all the features of each program, & give examples of
command use. GNU manuals are distributed as Texinfo source files, which
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Most GNU manuals are bound as soft cover books with "lay-flat" bindings.
This allows you to open them so they lie flat on a table without creasing the
binding. They have an inner cloth spine and an outer cardboard cover that
will not break or crease as an ordinary paperback will. Manuals currently in
lay-flat binding are: `Using and Porting GNU CC', `GDB', `Emacs', `Emacs Lisp
Reference', `Programming in Emacs Lisp: An Introduction', `GNU Awk User's
Guide', `Make', and `Bison'. Our other manuals also lie flat when opened,
using a GBC binding. Our manuals are 7in by 9.25in except the 8.5in by 11in
`Calc' manual.
The edition number of the manual and version number of the program listed
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`Debugging with GDB' (for Version 4.16) tells how to run your program under
GNU Debugger control, examine and alter data, modify a program's flow of
control, and use GDB through GNU Emacs.
The `GNU Emacs Manual' (13th Edition for Version 20) describes editing with
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sets; outline mode and regular expression search; how to use special
programming modes to write languages like C++ and TeX; how to use the `tags'
utility; how to compile and correct code; how to make your own keybindings;
and other elementary customizations.
`Programming in Emacs Lisp: An Introduction' (October 1995 Edition 1.04) is
for people who are not necessarily interested in programming, but who do want
to customize or extend their computing environment. If you read it in Emacs
under Info mode, you can run the sample programs directly.
`The GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual' (Edition 2.4 for Version 19.29) and
`The GNU Emacs Lisp Reference, Japanese Edition' (Japanese Draft Revision
1.0, from English Edition 2.4 for Version 19.29) cover this programming
language in depth, including data types, control structures, functions,
macros, syntax tables, searching/matching, modes, windows, keymaps, byte
compilation, and the operating system interface.
`The GNU Awk User's Guide' (Edition 1.0 for Version 3.0) tells how to use
`gawk'. It is written for those who have never used `awk' and describes
features of this powerful string and record manipulation language. It
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`GNU Make' (Edition 0.51 for Version 3.76 Beta) describes GNU `make', a
program used to rebuild parts of other programs. The manual tells how to
write "makefiles", which specify how a program is to be compiled and how its
files depend on each other. Included are an introductory chapter for novice
users and a section about automatically generated dependencies.
The `Flex' manual (Edition 1.03 for Version 2.3.7) teaches you to write a
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`The Bison Manual' (November 1995 Edition for Version 1.25) teaches you how
to write context-free grammars for the Bison program that convert into
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`Using and Porting GNU CC' (November 1995 Edition for Version 2.7.2) tells
how to run, install, and port the GNU C Compiler to new systems. It lists
new features and incompatibilities of GCC, but people not familiar with C
will still need a good reference on the C programming language. It also
covers G++.
The `Texinfo' manual (Edition 2.24 for Version 3) explains the markup
language that produces our online Info documentation & typeset hardcopies.
It tells you how to make tables, lists, chapters, nodes, accented & special
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`The Termcap Manual' (3rd Edition for Version 1.3), often described as "twice
as much as you ever wanted to know about termcap," details the format of the
termcap database, the definitions of terminal capabilities, and the process
of interrogating a terminal description. This manual is primarily for
programmers.
The `C Library Reference Manual' (Edition 0.08 for Version 2.0) describes the
library's facilities, including both what Unix calls "library functions" &
"system calls." We are doing small copier runs of this manual until it
becomes more stable. Please send fixes to `bug-glibc-manual@prep.ai.mit.edu'.
The `Emacs Calc Manual' (for Version 2.02) is both a tutorial and a reference
manual. It tells how to do ordinary arithmetic, how to use Calc for algebra,
calculus, and other forms of mathematics, and how to extend Calc.
How to Get GNU Software
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If you can UUCP, get e-mail instructions from `info@contrib.de' (Europe).
FSF T-shirt
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GNU T-shirts often create spontaneous friendships at conferences & on
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Free Software for Non-Unix-Like Systems
***************************************
We do not support GNU software on most non-Unix-like systems because it is
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* Boston Computer Society
The BCS had numerous free microcomputer programs, including some GNU
programs. The BCS is now dissolved (see `http://www.bcs.org/' for
details), but many of the smaller groups operating under it (see
`http://bcs1.ziplink.net/groups/' for a list) are continuing.
* GNU Software on the Amiga
A large number of GNU programs have been ported to the Amiga and are
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For info on the GNU Emacs port, ask Dave Gilbert,
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You can get more info from a GNU FTP host (see ``How to Get GNU
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Get Atari ports by anonymous FTP from `atari.archive.umich.edu', in
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* GNU Software for OS/2
Ports of many GNU programs are on the FTP host `ftp-os2.cdrom.com' in
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Project GNU Wish List
*********************
Wishes for this issue are for:
* GNU art that highlights a program or aspect of the GNU Project.
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If you use & appreciate our software, please send contributions! (The
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Thank GNUs
**********
Thanks to those who have made substantial monetary donations (see ``Become a
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Several GNU supporters have requested that donations be made to the FSF in
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Thanks to Richard Edelman of Design Acceleration, Warren Gibson of CSA
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A special thanks to Michael Rubin for his bequest to the FSF. We mourn his
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Thanks to all who have lent or donated machines, including: several Anonymous
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Thanks to the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Laboratory for Computer
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Thanks to the many companies and organizations who have bought our Deluxe
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For their help in Japan, thanks to: the Japan Unix Society, Nobuyuki Hikichi,
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For the FSF booth at Network Users '97 at Makuhari, Japan, for March 5th
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For the FSF Tokyo Seminar on March 11th, which was held at Aogaku Kaikan,
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We thank those groups who have donated us booths at their conferences,
including the Sun Users Group.
Thanks to all the volunteers who helped the GNU Project at conferences, and
to Cygnus Solutions for helping the GNU Project in many ways.
Thanks to all who have contributed ports and extensions, as well as all who
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Thanks to all those who sent money and offered other kinds of help.
Thanks to the Institute for System Design Technology of
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Thanks to all those who support us by ordering T-shirts, manuals, reference
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Thanks to all those mentioned elsewhere in this and past Bulletins.
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Donations Translate Into Free Software
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A possibly more current version of this order form can be found on the
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