iPhone restricts users, GPLv3 frees them
BOSTON, Massachusetts, USA—Thursday, June 28, 2007—On Friday, June 29, not everyone
in the continental U.S. will be waiting in line to purchase a $500 iPhone. In fact,
hundreds of thousands of digital aficionados around the globe won't be standing
in line at all, for June 29 marks the release of version 3 of the GNU General Public
License (GPL). Version 2 of the GPL governs the world's largest body of free software—software
that is radically reshaping the industry and threatening the proprietary technology
model represented by the iPhone.
The author of the the GPL is Professor Richard M. Stallman, president and founder
of the Free Software Foundation, and creator of the GNU Project. With his first
revision of the license in sixteen years, version 3 of the GPL fights the most recent
attempts to take the freedom out of free software—most notably, version 3 attacks
“Tivoization”—and that could be a problem for Apple and the iPhone.
Now, from China to India, from Venezuela to Brazil, from Tivos to cell phones: Free
software is everywhere and it is slowly building a worldwide movement of users demanding
that they have control over the computers and electronic devices they own.
Tivoization and the iPhone?
“Tivoization” is a term coined by the FSF to describe devices that are built with
free software, but that use technical measures to prevent the user from making modifications
to the software—a fundamental freedom for free software users—and an attack on free
software that the GPLv3 will put a stop to.
The iPhone is leaving people questioning: Does it contain GPLed software? What impact
will the GPLv3 have on the long-term prospects for devices like the iPhone that
are built to keep their owners frustrated?
Peter Brown, executive director of the FSF said, “Tomorrow, Steve Jobs and Apple
release a product crippled with proprietary software and digital restrictions: crippled,
because a device that isn't under the control of its owner works against the interests
of its owner. We know that Apple has built its operating system, OS X, and its web
browser Safari, using GPL-covered work—it will be interesting to see to what extent
the iPhone uses GPLed software.”
You can help spread the message
The GNU GPL version 3 will be released at 12:00pm (EDT)—six hours before the release
of the iPhone—bringing to a close eighteen months of public outreach and comment,
in revision of the world's most popular free software license.
About the GNU General Public License (GNU GPL)
The GNU GPL is the most widely used free software license worldwide: almost three
quarters of all free software packages are distributed under this license. It is
not, however, the only free software license.
Richard Stallman wrote the version 1 and 2 of the GNU GPL with legal advice from
Perkins, Smith & Cohen. Version 1 was released in 1989, and version 2 in 1991. Since
1991, free software use has increased tremendously, and computing practices have
changed, introducing new opportunities and new threats. In 2005, Stallman began
revising the GPL for version 3. In January 2006, the FSF began a systematic process
of public review and feedback, with legal advice and organizational support from
the Software Freedom Law Center.
About the GNU Operating System and Linux
Richard Stallman announced in September 1983 the plan to develop a free software
Unix-like operating system called GNU. GNU is the only operating system developed
specifically for the sake of users' freedom. See http://www.gnu.org/gnu/the-gnu-project.html.
In 1992, the essential components of GNU were complete, except for one, the kernel.
When in 1992 the kernel Linux was re-released under the GNU GPL, making it free
software, the combination of GNU and Linux formed a complete free operating system,
which made it possible for the first time to run a PC without non-free software.
This combination is the GNU/Linux system. For more explanation, see http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html
The GNU GPL is used by developers with various views, but it was written to serve
the ethical goals of the free software movement. Says Stallman, “The GNU GPL makes
sense in terms of its purpose: freedom and social solidarity. Trying to understand
it in terms of the goals and values of open source is like trying understand a CD
drive's retractable drawer as a cupholder. You can use it for that, but that is
not what it was designed for.”
About The Free Software Foundation
The Free Software Foundation, founded in 1985, is dedicated to promoting computer
users' right to use, study, copy, modify, and redistribute computer programs. The
FSF promotes the development and use of free (as in freedom) software—particularly
the GNU operating system and its GNU/Linux variants—and free documentation for free
software. The FSF also helps to spread awareness of the ethical and political issues
of freedom in the use of software. Its Web site, located at www.fsf.org, is an important
source of information about GNU/Linux. Donations to support the FSF's work can be
made at http://donate.fsf.org. Its headquarters are in Boston, MA, USA.
Media Contacts
Joshua Gay
Campaigns Manager
Free Software Foundation
617-542-5942
jgay@fsf.org